Sociological Perspectives on Religion Essay example

â€Å"Religion is a ritualized system of beliefs and practices related to things defined as sacred by an organized community of believers.† (Basirico et.al. 379). Religion is an important element in the society because it influences the way individuals act and think. It has shaped the relationship and bonding among families as well as influenced the decision made in economics and politics. Religion in general has contributed to shape a society and a government structure which will influence the way the individuals under certain governmental structure behave. Sociologists are interested in religion mainly because religious belief is heavily rooted in individuals’ lives and it helps sociologists to interpret human’s actions, expression, and†¦show more content†¦However, no matter how sociologists and scientists view religion, there are a lot of people who will still believe in their own religion and that there exists a power that science cannot explain. F or example, in an Islamic country such as Indonesia, government is organized base on what is appropriate according to Islam. Even though, there are a lot of people questions the existence of supernatural power and hundreds of books publish that study the scientific view of religion, government and people in that country still believe in their religions. Students at school also study about science and sociological perspective toward religion and almost every student still believe in their religion and practice it in their societies. Moreover, in US where freedom of speech is allowed and knowledge can be shared quickly by internet, every person in US knows about scientific study of religion but Christianity is still emphasized in everyday life. People may only view sociological and scientific perspective of religion as one of the knowledge that need to be known but doesn’t have to be practiced. Overall, the sociological study in religions does not undermine nor strengthen oneâ €™s faith. Other factors such as people who use religion to abuse people or control over people that may have made a person to change their view toward religion. Sociologists also view religion as partShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspective on Religion2088 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Sociological Perspectives on Religion† During this semester I have learned that in essence, â€Å"free will† does not gear our decision making process, it is primarily society that influences all thoughts and behaviors in turn, impacting all aspects of our life. The evolutionary socialization process initiates at the moment of conception, in our mother’s womb, through childhood, carries on during adulthood and ends in our graves. The most important and influential agent of socialization is the familyRead MoreThe Role Of Religion And Sociological Perspective923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Religion in Sociological Perspective Religion is a system of beliefs that many of us may not understand in detail. However, the intention of this paper is to describe the role of religion in my personal life, and to briefly explain the functionalist perspective, the symbolic interactionism perspective, types of religious groups, and religion in the United States with the sole purpose to understand religion concepts in a sociological perspective and my personal point of viewRead MoreDurkheim s Sociological Perspective On Religion1733 Words   |  7 PagesDurkheim’s sociological approach to religion. Several central aspects of Durkheim’s approach are defined, including the concepts of religion, clan, and totem. The Totemic Principle and how it can be applied to religion is also discussed. Supporting evidence for Durkheim is offered through Eliade, while dissension is offered by Malinowski. This work concludes with an example of Durkheim’s ideas applied to the story of Lame Deer. Background Any discussion of Durkheim’s views on religion from a sociologicalRead MoreChristian Baptist Religion in a Sociological Perspective2329 Words   |  10 PagesDefining the world ‘religion’ is not an easy process, fraught with difficulties. Throughout the ages, many attempts have been made. Often time’s people tend to focus on a very narrow definition that matches the person’s own beliefs but not others. One of the reasons it’s notoriously difficult to define because it crosses so many different boundaries in human experience. According to the Miriam Webster dictionary, religion could be identified as ‘a set of ideas concerning the cause, nature, and purposeRead MoreLiving As Woman And A Muslim Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesMuslim in America The term sociological imagination was a concept constructed by the American Sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to understand how our lives are affected by the historical and sociological changes around us. In order to possess the knowledge of sociological imagination, we should be able to pull away from the current situation and be able to look and think from a different perspective. C. Wright Mills defined his concept of sociological imagination as â€Å"...theRead MoreMarxist Perspective On Religion And Liberation Theology1199 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumerism are reinforcing oppressive structures could be viewed as a type of â€Å"methodological atheism†, for Marx fails to acknowledge the significance of transcendence for those practicing religion. In the chapter, â€Å"Sociological Approaches†, Northcott points to the relationship between the Marxist perspective on religion and liberation theology movements in Latin America. Marxist inspired liberation theology acted as a source for power for the poor, as it aided in the reformation of the Catholic ChurchRead MoreSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words   |  6 PagesSociologist argue that â€Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptions† (Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events andRead MoreImpact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture1223 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand the ma in ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives †¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions †¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions have evolved overtime and therefore embody what the society holds valuable in relation to family, education, religion, the justice system, the economy and health. †¢ Each socialRead MoreSociological Perspective On The And Mate Selection1597 Words   |  7 Pagespossesses strong sociological perspective however would argue that the decision of marriage is largely influenced by factors from the world around them. More specifically, sociological perspective is the point of view that examines how institutions such as the government or mass media, cultural norms and beliefs, and social hierarchies such as race or ethnicity influence the lives of individuals (Mills 2013:3-4). It can also be explained as the opposite of an individualistic perspective, which is theRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Or Imagination, Cite Its Components, And Explain How They Were Defined By C.974 Words   |  4 Pages1- Define the sociological perspective or imagination, cite its components, and explain how they were defined by C. Wright Mills. The sociological Taboo (or imagination) is defined as a way of thinking that help us use external information and experience to form theories about the social pattern around us. We collect data and from that information, we make judgments and predictions. These require going beyond one’s point of view. People s life and experiences are different. Therefore, it is important

Theological Understandings of Mediated Grace - 2903 Words

Theological Understandings of Mediated Grace When approaching the concept of grace, many people often assume that it is â€Å"other† - a mysterious force that exists beyond human understanding. They believe that grace is a divine gift that cannot be humanly grasped because of its supernatural nature. Others believe that mediated grace - God as experienced through the senses in a purely human manner - is a vital way to bridge the ontological gap (an extreme difference in being that separates the earthly and the divine). Christian theologians from the beginning of the faith have debated the qualities attributed to this phenomenon because of its sheer importance; when dealing with vastly different elements, such as humans and God, the†¦show more content†¦While most theologians agree upon the existence and importance of mediated grace, they often disagree upon the exact nature of its role. What this conflict yields though, is not a sense of discord and disunity, but a greater appreciation of the immense horizo n of grace as perceived by humanity. Perhaps the most obvious example of this is the clash between Martin Luther and the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church (represented here by their Decree on Justification that was presented at the Council of Trent). Luther saw grace as the way to salvation, while the Catholic Church intimated that grace itself was salvation. In his treatise on Christian Liberty, he said â€Å"very great care must always be exercised so that no man in a false confidence imagines that by such works he will be justified or acquire merit or be saved; for this is the work of faith alone.†[8] He referred to this kind of grace as â€Å"alien righteousness,† which he claimed was â€Å"instilled in us without our works by grace alone.†[9] Unlike the Thomistic precepts that the Council of Trent was working from (Aquinas’s theory of deification), Luther did not believe that grace affected an ontological change in the person. On the other si de, the Trent decree maintained that â€Å"One truly merits salvation through good works in grace.†[10] Luther feltShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Christian Ethics By H.richard Niebuhr1677 Words   |  7 Pagesof H. Richard Niebuhr. Teachers use it as a clear typology of varieties of Christian faith more than as a constructive argument for a particular approach to Christian ethics. Yoder, Yeager, and Stassen offer three critical readings of Niebuhr’s understanding of the relation of faith to social justice, and offer their own perspectives on the common topic. I. Types of Christian Ethics by H.Richard Niebuhr 1. Various Ways of Typing Christian Ethics V No absolute types of Christian morality canRead More3. The Reformed Understanding Of Faith In Calvin: The Uniting1739 Words   |  7 Pages3. The Reformed understanding of faith in Calvin: The Uniting Faith The doctrine of justification is at the center of the theological debate in sixteenth century. With the more developed doctrine of justification, the understanding of faith in from the Reformers shifts its focus that The Reformed understanding of faith starting from Luther and Lutheran tradition is not a work by human beings but rather a response to the divine work, an accepting mental attitude. In Calvin, the emphasis is thatRead MoreThe Council of Trent: The Thirteenth Session Essay example2467 Words   |  10 Pages However, his good intention grew into a great schism in the Church as doctrinal and canonical differences were challenged, resulting in the Council of Trent as the Church’s response to both institutional and theological issues. It is the background to the Council of Trent and theological decrees that will be addressed this writing, particularly that of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist in session thirteen. The Reformation has maintained its status as the controversy in western theologyRead MoreHow George Has A Very Active Social Life Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pageswill or has been putting himself in a financially precarious position, he is jeopardizing existing relationships, damaging potential future relationships, he does not correlate his poor decisions with the outcomes they procure, and he does not understanding the concern those around have for him and his poor behavior. Plan Treatment for alcoholism varies, but each method is meant to help George stop drinking altogether (abstinence). Treatment may occur in stages and can include detoxification or withdrawalRead MoreThe Gospel of John Essay5342 Words   |  22 PagesThe Gospel of John The genius of the Apostle John resides in his ability to penetrate to the theological foundations that undergird the events of Jesus life. He reaches to the deeper baptism and the calling of the Twelve are doubtless presupposed, they are not actually described. Even themes central to the Synoptics have almost disappeared: in particular, the kingdom of God or the kingdom of heaven, so much a part of the preaching of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels and the central theme ofRead MoreAn Exposition of Romans 13:1-74378 Words   |  18 Pagesinvention, but of divine origin. Therefore, Christians are to submit to those in authority. Rulers then are established by God (v. 1) as His servants (v. 4). They have a special dignity, but are also in a position that puts them under God. This understanding of the state has been widely criticized, and it has also been mistakenly used as justification for tyrants and the Christians obligation to obey them. Some Germans used this text to support absolute obedience to the Third Reich in Germany. ItRead MoreMass Media and Evangelization in the Church8919 Words   |  36 Pagesfrom God’s presence in our lives, and therefore in our practice of faith. We should make use of our theology of communication to evaluate our apostolate and to draw inspiration to improve it. It is the theology of revelation and faith, theology of grace and relationship, theology of community building and universal salvation, and theology of creation and history. Both social communication and Christian communion, which is promoted by Church’s mission or pastoral work, consists in the effective deepRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageshave been my role models, mentors, and inspiration: Dulcie Roach from Hopewell Primary School, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica; Elaine Bortner and Philip Hirai from Jamaica Wesleyan Bible College, Savanna-la-mar, Jamaica; and Roger Ringerberg, Jamaica Theological Seminary, Kingston, Jamaica. Second, thanks to my professors and advisors at Drew University, Karen Brown, Jonathan Reader, and Roger Shinn, whose advice and insights have helped to shape the focus and hone the arguments of this book. Third, the

Project-Based Organizing and Global Strategic Management

Question: Describe about the Project-Based Organizing and Global Strategic Management? Answer: 1: Duties and responsibilities of the assistance manager in the restaurant The manager supervises the efficient working of the department and assigned the shift to the staff. He arranges the pre meal meeting and rectifies the all services of the staff. He arranges the training program and prepares the accounts of the effective utilization of the inventory. He has the responsible the monitor, manages the guest complaint, and make sure that guest should be satisfy with the service of the staff. The most duties of manager are that to receive the feedback from the customers. It ensures that to increase the food quality and maintain the standard of the food . 2: Two tasks related to goal and objective of the learning Management - the learning is that how to manage the staff and maintain the relationship with the employees. Environment as a manager has to create a good environment in the restaurant to motivate the staff to increase the work efficiency(Singh, 2013). 3: The most rewarding in this aspect is that incentive on the performance. In restaurant, the operation is going day-to-day activity so motivates the staff provides the incentive; cash reward, play games, hale quiz competition, and prove award. The employees of the restaurant must be well trained and educated of the menu item to answer the question of the customers. The work culture is different from the others because of the customers are from different language and the countries (Mullins and Dossor, 2013). 4: Yes, the objective of the learning status met the goal. It is because in the restaurant you will get knowledge about the manager and get experience to how to manage the people. 5: The strength of the assistance manager Stress management - The managers manage the whole restaurant and also manage the conflict of the employees, manage the cash flow of the restaurant and maintain the inventory of the restaurant. Multi tasking the manager acts differently and manage lots of work like answer the question over phone, managing the staff as well as provide the training, and solving the complain of the customers(LegoheÃÅ' rel, Fyall, 2013). Weakness of the manager Commitments - sometimes the manager commit lots of thing to their employees and he is not able to fulfill. Ability to listen the manager did not listen to their employees related to his question or problems. 6: The tentative career goal of the assistance manager in the same year down the line he wanted be open own restaurant and become entrepreneur of the restaurant. The goal is that working in the same field i.e. in restaurant so you know the process of the restaurant handling. The experience will help you to reach the goal in same field(Henry, 2011). 7: The major in academic is hospitality management. The learning in the hospitality management is that how to manage the employees in the restaurant, in academic we get knowledge only theoretical. The knowledge of the classroom applied in the industries. 8: The deficiencies n the academic program is that we gent only theory part. We did not get the real experience. We have to learn some specialization the core area like hospitality management. The training must be come from the real experience like working the restaurant or some other industries. 9: Leadership qualities Grand vision as a leader you have to inspire and motivate the member of the team. Be competent the work is inspiring other people and follow your work and trust your judgment. Take care of your people you have to look at your employees work and the discipline. The manager has to give the autonomy as much as possible to your people. You have to say clearly, whatever you want to say and be confident. You should have very high expectation from your employees or team members. You have to lead the team by giving an example and should be hardest worker in your team. The manager has to allow your member to tell him that you are wrong. 10: The anticipated The learning is that the experience is different from the academic and real work. The learning is that how to manage the people. How to handle the pressure. How to motivate the employees. How to handle the problem of the customer as well as staff. How to keep the record of the employees. How to set a goal in the future. How you manage the company or a restaurant. How you will become a good leader. Through internship I learn to how to work in the industries(Frynas and Mellahi, 2011) References List Cattani, G. (2011). Project-based organizing and strategic management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Frynas, J. and Mellahi, K. (2011). Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011). Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Legohe rel, P., Poutier, E. and Fyall, A. (2013). Revenue management for hospitality and tourism. Woodeaton, Oxford: Goodfellow. Mullins, L. and Dossor, P. (2013). Hospitality management and organisational behaviour. Harlow: Pearson. Singh, S. (2013). Hospitality management. New Delhi: Random Publications.

Structure of a Scientific Paper Essays - Philosophy Of Science

Structure of a Scientific Paper A scientific paper is made up of six parts; all need to be organized in a certain way and must use proper English. Experiments are used to prove or disprove hypotheses, and then the findings are reported in a scientific paper. The scientific paper can include other scientist work in it also but is must be referenced. They can also use other resources in such as excerpts from journals and articles of magazines and books. A scientific papers components are the abstract, introduction, materials, results, discussion, and acknowledgements. A scientific paper should be written in short logical sentences, using proper grammar and proper English. You should use past tense in the abstract, materials and results sections. You would also use past tense when referring to your experiment in the introduction and discussion. For your measurements you would need to use metric units because it is a universal measurement and much easier to convert to. When writing a scientific paper, scientist don't only use their own information and data, they can also use other scientist research and experiments to back up their own work or to make comparisons. You may also use letters, research, note articles, supplemental, article reviews and articles from biological magazines and other scientific researches. The first part of a scientific paper should be the abstract, which summarizes the question that your experiment is based upon. It should include your methods, results and you should also draw a conclusion in this section. It should be written after your paper is completed. The next part is the introduction, which should introduce the problems and questions in an observers view. It should include a statement to encompass your hypothesis. The third component of a scientific paper is the materials section. It should discuss the when, where, and how your experiment was done. It should include the specific dates, times and location the experiments took place. It should state how the experiment was set up and how you carried it out and how many trials you did. The Results is the next part of the paper, it should explain the data you collected, and you can't interpret your data. You should use tables or charts to show your data and provide a title and caption describing any trends, di fferences you notice in the data. You shouldn't use both tables and a written description of your data; just write captions discussing your results. The next session would be the discussions, here you can interpret your data, you should examine the results and show whether the results of the experiment supported your hypothesis. Show whether the experiment answered your question and if any new questions came up. The final part of you scientific paper should be the acknowledgements, it should recognize the contributors of your paper whether they gave you advise, supplied you with equipment or assisted you. However if they contributed significantly they should be written as authors, you should also cite the authors you referred to throughout your paper. The citing should be in alphabetic order of the author's name. A scientific paper must be organized and is very complex. It must include all six components or it will be rejected and not considered a scientific paper. It should use correct grammar and use metric units for the measurements. It should make sense to and be very clear to understand for anyone. It must show whether the experiment was a success or failure and state why. Save Submit

The Moment that Changed My Life Essay Example For Students

The Moment that Changed My Life Essay Like every family, my family has always had ups and downs, happiness and sorrow. My family has always been united and a whole. Unlike other unfortunate children, my parents are together and have always shown my siblings and I appreciation. My parents have always been very traditional and have taught us manners and how to be talented and educated children. But most importantly, theyve taught us that family always comes first over anything. A day after my fourteenth birthday, my family and I were getting ready to go to Mexico for winter break. We were all excited to finally go to Mexico and be with our family members for the holidays. However, the mood in my house changed in an instant. My mom has always been home and there for us when we need her. She has always been less strict and firm than my dad, but she still demands respect. Both my mom and dad have given us full trust in return for our respect and behavior. But at that moment, my eldest sister forgot everything theyd taught us. My eldest sister was twenty-one at the time. She went to Cal State Fullerton, was in her last year of college, and was said to be a mature adult. We will write a custom essay on The Moment that Changed My Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, my parents found out that she was lying to them. I remember the date being December 19 when the truth was revealed. After months of lies, my parents found out that my sister was going out with a man who would bring no benefits into her life. The man she was seeing had no education above high school, was divorced, and had a daughter. The problem was that back in May my parents had already prohibited her from seeing him anymore. She apologized to my parents and promised that she would end her relationship. Seven months passed by and apparently she didnt. For my parents, sister, and I, her lie was a major offense because weve always been there for each other, no matter what. Part of the problem was the guy she was seeing, but what really felt like a betrayal was that she threw away all the trust we had as a family. That night of December 19, when my parents found out, they had mixed emotions. They were heartbroken, yet very angry. My dads first reaction was to give her the option of leaving the house or ending her relationship. Her decision was very shocking for me, but she decided to leave immediately after the argument. I didnt think that my dads decision was wrong. I actually respected his opinion because I felt like she took for granted what my parents had done for us throughout the years. After my sister left, we had a conversation as a family. We agreed and realized that it was her decision. My dad said that he was very upset and disappointed, but that he wouldnt give up on my youngest sister and I. As a family, we agreed that we had to keep on going and move on. However, she was still part of our family and had our blood. Everyone makes a mistake at some point in life and we couldnt turn our back on her even after her mistake. About three days after she departed, one of her best friends called to let us know that she was fine and now living with the same guy. After the argument or dilemma, we didnt have much enthusiasm to go to Mexico anymore, but my mom persuaded us to go. She insisted that it would be an extraordinary way to forget about the problem for a moment. The trip was awkward because everyone asked about my sister. My parents didnt want the problem to be known, so they lied and said that she was working and couldnt go. .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .postImageUrl , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:visited , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:active { border:0!important; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:active , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Character Analysis: The Darker Face of the Earth EssayOur break in Mexico was an unforgettable experience and I am thankful that my dad accepted my moms recommendation. When we returned from our trip, we heard nothing from or about her. A year has passed by since the dilemma and she is barely starting to talk to my parents. My parents and my youngest sister are trying to get along with her again. I, on the other hand, am not so sure about how I feel. I sometimes want to take my dads advice and talk to her again, but sometimes I dont. Sometimes I feel rage and anger because she preferred someone, who tomorrow will probably not be there, over her own blood. I miss her, I really do, she was my sister, my role model, and my partner in crime. But she didnt care that she was everything for me or that I gave her all my trust. Sometimes I think about all this and dont know if I should care or not. I would love for everything to be back to normal, but she was the reason for the days I saw my family shed tears, for the loss of hope in my life, and most importantly for me, losing trust in everyone. This moment in my life has been probably the worse of all. My sisters decisions have affected me. Seeing my family suffer the way they did is an experience I dont want to relive. On the bright side though, I did learn an important lesson. To begin with, I learned to appreciate what our parents do for us. I also learned to always take in mind what theyve been through to be where they are for us today. This moment also helped me realize that family is more important than I used to think. We need to appreciate them and grab on to them everyday of our lives. At the end of the day, family is the only thing that will be next to you until the end.

Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema

Professor Horace Miner first brought the Nacirema of Asu to the attention of anthropologists in the 1950’s. They are a North American group that lives between the Canadian Cree, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Some say that their people are on the road to self-destruction because of their key values and beliefs, other say they still have along way to go; regardless, the society is filled with rich, sometimes shocking, customs and strange magical rituals that have fascinated anthropologists for years. Of course one's beauty is determined by how their body image is perceived by others. The Nacirema take this one step further. As Miner said: "The fundamental belief underlying the whole system appears to be that the human body is ugly." A main philosophy of the Nacirema is that the human body is debilitated and unsightly. They believe that it has a tendency to become abnormal and diseased if the correct rituals are not preformed daily. The Nacirema are convinced that man is trapped inside of the suffering material body and each person must free themselves with the ceremonial traditions. These include elaborate daily rituals that the person must perform, for instance the rituals of the shrine room. (Which I will discuss later on.) If someone has a body that is considered ugly, or over or under weight the Nacirema often conclude it is due to a mistake in that persons rituals. Therefore the person deserved to be disfigured and they are deemed an outcaste. There are few cases where an unsightly or flawed person is allowed to become one with the normal community. About 5% of the population fast to the point of starvation (sometimes to their own death)They do this as an effort to mutilate the bodies appearance. However, even if the are not excepted by the group, most people with ugliness in their bodies form bonds, friendships, and communities with each other. If a â€Å"normal† person joins the outcastes, he must assum... Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema Professor Horace Miner first brought the Nacirema of Asu to the attention of anthropologists in the 1950’s. They are a North American group that lives between the Canadian Cree, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Some say that their people are on the road to self-destruction because of their key values and beliefs, other say they still have along way to go; regardless, the society is filled with rich, sometimes shocking, customs and strange magical rituals that have fascinated anthropologists for years. Of course one's beauty is determined by how their body image is perceived by others. The Nacirema take this one step further. As Miner said: "The fundamental belief underlying the whole system appears to be that the human body is ugly." A main philosophy of the Nacirema is that the human body is debilitated and unsightly. They believe that it has a tendency to become abnormal and diseased if the correct rituals are not preformed daily. The Nacirema are convinced that man is trapped inside of the suffering material body and each person must free themselves with the ceremonial traditions. These include elaborate daily rituals that the person must perform, for instance the rituals of the shrine room. (Which I will discuss later on.) If someone has a body that is considered ugly, or over or under weight the Nacirema often conclude it is due to a mistake in that persons rituals. Therefore the person deserved to be disfigured and they are deemed an outcaste. There are few cases where an unsightly or flawed person is allowed to become one with the normal community. About 5% of the population fast to the point of starvation (sometimes to their own death)They do this as an effort to mutilate the bodies appearance. However, even if the are not excepted by the group, most people with ugliness in their bodies form bonds, friendships, and communities with each other. If a â€Å"normal† person joins the outcastes, he must assum...

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Research Paper

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Northern Ireland - Research Paper Example Over the past few years, companies having been focusing on reducing the number of suppliers that they have so as to harness effective relationships that is build more on collaboration (Ponce-Cueto, Garcia-Sanchez, and Ortega-Mier, 2010: 111). Indeed supplier relationship which had in the past been ignored is presently growing to be an influential aspect of the retail supply chain and businesses as well. Lintukangas and Kahkonen (2010:107) show that supplier relationship which essential in connecting a business to the supplier network, is critical in increasing a firm’s competitiveness as the company is able to exploit synergies from such relationships. This increases the effectiveness of supplier relationship management thereby increasing business performance. Such views are also shared by Jiang, Henneberg and Naude (2012) who note that supplier relationship management which thrive in trusting and dependent environments are critical for the enhancing business objectives where the quality of such relationships determine level of trust. Problem Statement Though there have a wide array of research on how best to manage relationships within the supply in order to enhance the performance of an organizational (Olurunniwo et al, 2011; Leeman, 2010; Croxton et al, 2001), the evolving nature of the retail supply chain necessitates constant change in the way it is managed. Such changes that have over the recent past been impacting the supply chain include changes into multi-tier network of relationships, the increasing practice of outsourcing key supply chain processes within the retail sector and the impacts of the recession in the way the way that retailers carry their business and relate to the suppliers. This necessitates a study in this area into how such... This essay approves that in analyzing data in this research study, repeated themes and ideas gathered from the interview answers will be identified in order to give meaning to the data collected. The data gotten will be constantly compared both with the reviewed literature and with other respondent’s answers in order to determine a pattern and meaning. Common elements within the smaller retailers will also be analysed and identified in order to understand what these have in common, while common elements, themes and ideas from the large retailers will also be analysed in order to be able to understand what these share. This report makes a conclusion that it is not possible to explore and reach out to all the retail supply players and to relevant business entities since there are quite many businesses with different business operations. This follows the fact that the research focuses on retail supply chain which is crowded with diverse businesses. The research will therefore have some bias in a way as regards reaching out to particular relevant businesses. In addition, the research will cover only one specific geographic region and therefore may not be representative of all geographic regions and especially the global environment. In addition, getting access to some executives in some companies may need a lot of dedicated efforts in order to get an appointment set. Though the study is limited by these constraints, the results could have important practical implications to the retail industry.

The beginning of Modernization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The beginning of Modernization - Essay Example In addition, railroads improved the transport of goods and people, which reduced operational costs and boosted industrial growth. The effects of the Industrial Revolution are changes in work attitudes (i.e. use of rules system to impose new work schedules that changed laidback work attitudes into a more productive-schedule-based thinking), population growth, urbanization (i.e. growth of cities), new social classes (i.e. industrial middle class and the proletariat or working class) and the growth Great Britain (which became the world’s richest and first industrial nation). The Second Industrial Revolution refers to the Technological Revolution. It is called the Technological Revolution because of innovations in electricity, communication, and steel production. The main ideas of Karl Marx are the concept of the class struggle and its predicted outcomes of open revolution and a classless society. These ideas shaped the politics and the union movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century through influencing socialism and the rise of socialist parties (e.g. in Germany) and trade unions (especially in Britain). Conservatism, liberalism and nationalism shaped Europe. Conservatism supported obedience to political authority, asserted that organized religion was essential to social order, and was reluctant to accept demands for civil liberties and nationalistic aspirations. Liberalism supported the protection of civil liberties through a Bill of Rights, separation of Church and State, right of peaceful opposition to the government, and right to vote and hold office for men of property. Nationalism believed that every nationality should have its own government. The causes of the revolutions in 1848 were dissatisfaction with their state of civil rights and freedoms and nationalistic endeavors. These revolutions failed because of internal factions within the revolutionaries themselves and support of other

Task 2-5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task 2-5 - Assignment Example The availability of new and efficient technologies will facilitate the printing of the T-shirts at a relatively lower cost and consequently lead to provision of the T-shirts at a reason and affordable prices to the students. The digital printing of t-shirts with funny quotes and university logo will not only provide high profits to the university but will also boost promotion of the university thus reducing the cost of advertisements incurred in the normal promoting and advertisements (Mitchell, 2009) When students wear this T-shirts around, they will have the feeling of ownership of their university. This will attract other individuals who may be willing to join the university and thus increase the market share of the digital printed t-shirts though increased numbers of students in the university. Infrastructure; Identify the significant activities in executing the businesses value proposition that would be through creating an effective supply chain of t-shirts. Identify key resources of the venture to sustain the business this should the workforce and the finances. The university shall establish effective relationship with the students to continue buying the product. Offering; According to Alexander (2004), a business value proposition is the differentness from similar organizations in the industry. This provides added value in differing ways for example; product design, brand, price, cost reduction, accessibility, and convenience. The university will look it the factor to ensure client satisfaction. Cost Structure: This is most important monetary consequences while in operation, the university must adopt either cost driven or value driven cost structure. Based on the ability of students to consume the university must be able to produce products that are both of high quality while they are cost effective, this will ensure survival of the business. Visualize the capability

Effectiveness of Organizational Development Models

Effectiveness of Organizational Development Models This article shows the effectiveness of Organizational Development models in order with the example. In this article we have discuss the comparison of three OD models mentioning their effectiveness in order with example. The world is passing through the turbulent times. Companies are expanding their business, acquiring new enterprises, and going through significant changes, including outsourcing, downsizing, automation etc. Tomorrows world will be different from todays, calling for new organizational approaches. Organizations will need to be adapting to these changes market conditions and at the same time coping with the need for a renewing rather than reactive workforce. Organizations are never completely stagnant. External forces i.e. Government, Stockholders, Unions, Competitors, Suppliers, and Customers etc continuously affect the activities of the organization. Changing consumer lifestyles and technological breakthroughs all act on the organization to cause it to change. Many of these changes are forced upon the organization, whereas others are generated internally. Because change is occurring so rapidly, there is a need for new ways to manage it. Organizational Development is a relatively recent invention. It started in the late 1950s when behavioral scientists steeped in the lore and technology of group dynamics attempted to apply that knowledge to improve team functioning and intergroup relations in organization. (French and Bell, 1999). Organizational development (OD) is an application of behavioral science to organizational change. It consists of a wide array of theories, processes, and activities, all of which are oriented toward the goal of improving individual organizations. OD focuses on carefully planned approaches to changing or improving organizational structures and processes, in an attempt maximize organizational effectiveness. Background of Study In present era of cut throat competition, globalization, erasing trade barriers, rapid innovation, advancement in new technology, reduction in product life cycle and huge investment requirements to get entry into industry increase the essence of formulating an effective strategy in an organization in order to gain a competitive edge in market place. It is utmost important for each and every organization to be consistently competitive at the market place in order to save organization from entropy and make it possible for organization to constantly grow through application of Organizational Development concepts. Strategy is a comprehensive plan to achieve organizational goals or strategy is a comprehensive master plan stating how the corporation/organization will achieve its mission and objectives. It is not only important for any firm to develop an effective organizational strategy but also proper implementation and control mechanism is very crucial for success. Organization strategy is the one of element among various elements that may require OD interventions if not effective. According to Burke-Litwin model, organization may require first order or second order change or may require both(First order and Second order changes). If OD interventions directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result in first order change, if interventions directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (French and Bell, Jr, 1999). Companies today are exposed to much more rapid changes than they were decades ago. This development provides the reason to analyze approaches that help to overcome inflexible, conservatively-managed companies and lead change initiatives successfully. (Kotter, 1996). Organizational Development is planned change in an organizational context. The development of models of planned change facilitated the development of OD. Models and theories depict, in words or pictures, the important features of some phenomenon, describe those features as variables, and specify the relationships among the variables. (French and Bell, 1999). Corporate restructuring, strategies, and development models may be based on various factors viz. Human Resource Management, Financial revamping, International competitive market, post merger and acquisition etc. The globalization, commercialization, privatization, and deregulation have changed the whole scenario as such change has become significant factor in business survival. This has brought far-reaching changes in economic structures and patterns of organizations. The OD is getting increasing attention as such it plays a key role in the description of recent developments. The institutions private or public now realize the recent trends and prospects and have started giving priority to OD. These organizations now adapt and act OD at their workplace by redefining its role in promoting efficiency and economic growth. The organizations, particularly those without strong change element are in favor of encouraging the vigorous growth of OD in corporate governance. The organizations the y do not undertake measures to enhance their capabilities through planned change by employing OD risk not just being marginalized but also being completely bypassed in the new global order. The organizations those face severe competition today are completely dependent on behavioral interventions for organization improvement. Conceptual Understanding of the Organizational Development Organizational Development (OD) bridges an organizations need for continuity and its need for growth. It helps the organization change to meet the changing demands of its internal and external environments (Culbert Reisel, 1971). Organizational development is a theory and practice of bringing the planned change to organization. These changes are usually designed to address an organization problem or to help an organization prepare for future. It is the one method of quickly bringing change, which focus on human and social aspects of the organization as a way to improve organizations ability to adapt and solve problems. Organizational development is both a professional field of social action and an area of scientific inquiry. The practice of OD covers a wide spectrum of activities, with seemingly endless variations upon them. Team building with top corporate management, structural change in a municipality, and job enrichment in a manufacturing firm are all examples of OD. (Cummings and Worley, 2005). Different theorists have provided with their own definitions of organizational development. Some definitions are : Source Definition Porras and Robertson (1992) Organizational development is a set of behavioral science-based theories, values, strategies, and techniques aimed at the planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members on-the-job behaviors. Cummings and Worley (1993) [OD is] a systematic application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving an organizations effectiveness. Burke (1994) Organizational development is planned process of change in an organizations culture through the utilization of behavioral science technologies, research, and theory. French and Bell (1999) Organizational development is a long-term effort, led and supported by top management, to improve an organizations visioning, empowerment, learning, and problem-solving processes, through an ongoing, collaborative management of organization culture-with special emphasis on the culture of intact work teams and other team configurations-using the consultant-facilitator role and the theory and technology of applied behavioral science, including action research. The gist of above definitions is summarized below: Culture and processes are the key areas of the OD Specifically, OD encourages collaboration between organization top managers and staff members in managing culture and process. Teams of all kinds are particularly important for accomplishing tasks and are targets for OD activities. OD focuses on the human and social side of the organization and in so doing also intervenes in the technological and structural sides. Participation and involvement in problem solving and decision making by all levels of the organization are hallmarks of OD. OD focuses on total system change and views organizations as complex social system. OD practitioners are facilitators, collaborators, and co-learners with the client system. OD makes the client system effective so that the client systems solves its problem at their own and provide necessary coaching / teaching in order to enhance the knowledge and skill level. OD relies on an action research model with extensive participation by client system members. OD takes a developmental view that seeks the betterment of both individuals and the organization. Attempting to create win-win solutions is standard practice in OD programs. In the 1970s, organization development evolved as separate field that applied the behavioral sciences in a process of planned organization-wide change, with the goal of increasing organization effectiveness. Today the concept has been enlarged to examine how people and groups can change to a learning organization culture in a complex and turbulent environment. Organization development is not a step-by-step procedure to solve a specific problem but a process of fundamental change in the human and social systems of the organization, including organization culture. It is a process in a sense that a process is an identifiable interrelated event moving toward some goal or end. Organization development is a journey, not a destination. It is an unfolding and evolving series of events. Every organization program is unique because every organization has unique problems and opportunities. Yet all organization development programs are identifiable flow of interrelated events moving over time to ward the goals of the organization improvement and individual development. Organization development is an organizational improvement strategy, which is about how people and organization function and how to get them to function better. The field is based on the knowledge from the behavioral science disciplines such as psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology, systems theory, organizational behavior, organization theory and management to create trust, open conformation of problems, employee empowerment and participation, knowledge and information sharing, the design of meaningful work, co-operation and co-ordination between groups and full use of human potential. Organizational Development can help groups and individuals improve various aspects of organizational life necessary for success, including culture, values, and systems and behavior. The goal of O.D. is to increase organizational effectiveness and organizational health, through planned interventions in the organizations processes, operations, and behavior. Most often, O.D. services are requested when an organization (or a unit within an organization) is undergoing a process of change. Organizational Development services can assist in having a positive impact on most, if not all, factors that contribute to high performance. These include: Accountability Team interactions Strategic planning Skill alignment Professional development strategies Effective use of technology Workplace climate Employee morale A primary goal of organization development is to optimize the system by ensuring that system elements are harmonious and congruent. When organization structure, strategy, culture, and processes are not aligned, performance suffers. Different organizations interventions focus on align the organization with environment demands. Organizations are examples of open systems, that is, system interacting with their environments. Many problems of organizations today emerge from rapid changes in environmental demands, threats and opportunities. The Growth and Relevance of OD: Organizations must settle themselves in increasingly complex and uncertain technological, economic, political, and cultural changes. The speedily changing conditions of last few years shown that the organizations are facing the unprecedented uncertainty and nothing short of a management revolution will save them. Globalization, information technology, and managerial innovation are the major trends which are shaping change in organizations. First: globalization is playing vital role is the organizational life cycle. Organization is growing in the changing markets and environments. New governments, new leadership, new markets, and new countries are emerging and creating a new global economy. Companies in Russia, China, Hong Kong etc. are the examples of globalization. Second: information technology has drastically changing the old business model and defining the new parameters of how knowledge is used, how work is performed and how to calculate the cost of doing business. Now the organizations are going for ERP, e-commerce, SAP etc. Amazon.com, E-Trade, are among many recent entrants to the information economy, and the amount of business being conducted on the Internet is projected to grow at double-digit rates for well over ten years. Due to revolution in information technology, electronic data interchange, a state of the art information technology application, few years ago, is now considered as routine business practice. Due to this revolution, organizations moved towards downsizing and restructuring of the firms. Finally, information technology is changing how knowledge is used. Organization members now share the same key information that senior managers once used to control decision making. Ultimately, IT will generate new business models in which communication and information sharing is nearly free and easily accessible. Third: managerial innovation has responded to the globalization and information technology trends and has speed up their impact on organizations. New organizational forms, i.e. networks, virtual corporations etc, provide organizations with different ways of thinking about how the produced goods and deliver services. The strategic alliance, for example, has emerged as one of the indispensable tools in strategy implementation. No single organization, not even IBM, Mitsubishi, or General Electric, can control the environmental and market uncertainty it faces. New methods of change, such as downsizing and reengineering, have drastically reduced the size of organizations and increased their capacity, and new large group interventions have increased the speed with which organizational change can take place. OD practitioners, managers, and researchers argue that these forces not only are powerful in their own right but are interrelated. Organization development is the continuous process of improvement. As change is the continuous process so also to cope with such changes is necessary of organizations survive. As the time passes the new changes occur in the market dilemma. The organizations on their peak position need to maintain their peak position and continuously improve to provide better benefits to their customers. Timely they have to adapt new technology, enter in to new markets, beat the competition etc. The organization development is not only for the failure organization but the successful organization also adapt new technology and innovations to maintain their success. Organization may face different problems in their different departments like finance, management, marketing, production, sales and so on. So the OD consultant diagnoses these problems to provide solutions to that organization. Human resources our people may be a large fraction of our costs of doing business. They certainly can make the difference between organizational success and failure. We better know how to manage them. Changing nature of the workplace. Our workers today want feedback on their performance, a sense of accomplishment, feelings of value and worth, and commitment to social responsibility. They need to be more efficient, to improve their time management. And, of course, if we are to continue doing more work with less people, we need to make our processes more efficient. Global markets. Our environments are changing, and our organizations must also change to survive and prosper. We need to be more responsible to and develop closer partnerships with our customers. We must change to survive, and we argue that we should attack the problems, not the symptoms, in a systematic, planned, humane manner. Technological improvement: Organizations from time to time innovate and create new technology for better product development and management of organization. Because in era of competition the managers overall attention is toward the proper management and allocation of resources. Models of Organizational Development and its Effectiveness Organizations are facing continuous pressures due to change in global pace, economic and technological development and organization is making the same a feature of its life cycle. Every organization is going for development and directed at bringing about planned change to increase organizations effectiveness and efficiency. Managers, generally, initiate and implement the same with the help of an OD practitioner either from inside or outside of the organization. Organizations can use planned change to solve problems, to learn from experience, to adapt to external environmental changes, to improve performance, and to influence future changes. Organization Development (OD) covers all aspects of an organization; its functional scope is very vast as such it: Focuses on culture and processes Encourages collaboration between organization leadership and members in managing culture and process and makes it more efficient. Teams of various kinds are the target of OD. It focuses on the human and social side of the organization and in doing also intervenes in the technological and structural sides. Ensures participation and involvement in problem solving and decision making by all levels of the organization, which is hall mark of whole process. Also focuses on total systems change and views organizations as complex social systems. It leads to a development that seeks the betterment of both individuals and the organization as a whole. The OD consultants/ practitioners therefore plays an important and vital role as such they are facilitates, collaborates, and co-learners with the client system. At the outset OD consultants seeks top managements commitment and consent to initiate the process. The major events in the process then include: Sensing Diagnosing Planning Actions Evaluation Adjustments, and Repeating OD is an iterative process, it a journey not a destination. The goal of OD consultants is overcharging to make clients systems able to solve their problems through learning and teaching self-analytical methods. OD in fact is not one time process; rather it relies on action research model with extreme participation by client system members to bring sustainable growth. The knowledge base of OD is extensive, dynamic, and consonantly growing. Today the organizations prefer for holistic action plan as compare to linear or cyclic kind of interventions. The holistic approach presents a theory that the universe and especially nature should be viewed as interacting wholes rather than as distinct parts. This approach definitely caters to dynamic and most contemporary techniques for the planned change. There are numerous models and several recent theories those promises planned change. Few are highlighted below: Kurt Lewins Change Model Three stage theory of change was proposed by Kurt Lewin (founder of social psychology). Initially the theory was presented in 1947 and since then a lot of changes has been taken place in the original work. Actually there are various models of change which are based on the Kurt Lewin model. According to Kurt Lewin, change in organization is commonly referred to as  Unfreeze, Change, and Freeze. Change entails moving from one equilibrium point to another. Kurt Lewin model is useful to frame a process of change for people which can easily understand. Although this theory got so much popularity but it has been criticized for being too simplistic. The detailed explanation of each stage of the model is given below: Stage 1: Unfreezing Unfreezing is the first stage of Lewins Change Model. This stage focuses on the need for change and it is the starting point of change process. This stage emphasizes the importance of change and helps in moving move away from our current comfort zone. Change will not occur unless and until we understand the urgency of change. The more we feel that change is necessary, the more urgent it is and vise versa. When it becomes evident that the organization requires a change then the next step is to identify the pros and cons associated with the implementation of change. For example it would be wise to proceed with the change if the pros outnumber the cons before you take any action. This is the basis of what Kurt Lewin called the Force Field Analysis. In field force analysis there are various factors related to the change. Some of the factors are in favor of change while others are opposing factors. A change cannot takes place unless the factors for change outweigh the factors against chan ge. In the Unfreezing stage a department or an entire business moves towards motivation for change. The Kurt Lewin Force Field Analysis is a helpful way to know this process and there are ample of thoughts of how this can be done. Stage 2: Change or Transition The second stage of Lewins Change Model is a process of transition which is the inner movement or journey we make in reaction to a change. In transition process the current states is unfrozen and movement is started towards the new state. Lewin argued that the second stage is often the hardest as people are unsure or even fearful. Basically in this stage people are not much aware about the benefits of change so they are in the process of learning about the changes and require time to understand. In this stage people scan the environment for new relevant information and try to identify new role model or mentor. People must have clear picture of the desired change so they dont lose sight of where they are heading. Using role models and allowing people to develop their own solutions also help to make the changes. Stage 3: Freezing (or Refreezing) The last stage of Lewins Change Model is freezing or refreezing. Once the change has been made, the next step is to freeze the change in order to establish stability. In this stage everything is going to settle down because people are in the process of accepting the new changes. Thus all the changes become new norms of the organization and people form new relationships. People will become comfortable with their routines but it will take time. Many people argue that there is no freezing because of dynamic environment in which things are changing very rapidly. Therefore there is always a continuous change and freezing has become a chaotic process in which great flexibility is demanded. In this way unfreezing for the next change might be easier. Lewins tried to reinforce the change and ensure that the desired change is accepted and maintained into the future. Reinforcement is very important because people tend to go back to doing what they are used to doing. Effectiveness of Kurt Lewins Model of Change: There is lot of real life examples of Kurt Lewins Change model. Example # 1 Continental Airline By applying the Kurt Lewins Change Model, Continental Airlines became Airline of the Year. The awards won by Continental so far include No. 1 Most Admired Global Airline from Fortune magazine (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009), Airline of the Year by OAG (2004, 2005), Best Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific Business Class among U.S. airlines by Condà © Nast Traveler (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006), and many others. [Video available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wxKv6K1-V0] Following is the another example of Kurt Lewins Change model: By doing attitude and satisfaction survey in the organization of all staff, management may come to know that the moral of the staff members is quite low and due to this risk of safety is quite high. This may hinder the change process. Similarly when information is being delivered to the field, but negative events are continuing to occur, this may reflect to the management that the message is not being heard and some required changes are in order. During the unfreezing step generally most of the staff members and management are willing to change. Kurt Lewins model suggests that one of the best ways to motivate people to change is to first get people see the need for change. Even when a change if for the persons long term health benefits such a ceasing a bad destructive habit, few people ever change because someone else tells them to. People generally need to see for themselves the need for change, for the catalyst to occur, to provoke them to unfreeze. Educating employees in regards the pressures for change is a first step. Organization leaders will begin to highlight gaps between current and desired states and put forward a vision as it needs to be. They further express the change in terms of particular outcomes that the organization desired from its operation and employees and their belief and confidence that these changes are possible. Before installing a new way of operations, the existing system needs to be broken down. At this stage, the goal of change agent is to create a strong reaction. To get the relevant staff management participated and examining the status quo. Create an environment on which people are forced to seek out a new and better way to do things. To re-set the normal order of things to new heights and standards. Tips to Unfreeze: Change is necessary because the businesses, market or product are changing. Analysis should be carried out that what is required. Build an understanding. Existing status quo will be required to break down before developing new way of doing things. Guide the people to know and understand that the old ways cannot continue and prior poor results will be used. Message should be passed on. What, who, when, where, why and how changes and improvements are necessary. Regular and frequent communication lines will be open with all employees. In order to eliminate the barriers of change, open door policy will be introduced with the aim to allow the employees to feel comfortable in sharing their concerns with the leadership. Remain open and honest with feedback to staff and continue to build solid interaction with the affected groups. Build a guiding partnership and support from management and understand and consider the needs of stakeholders. Transition During the transition phase we aim to shift or alter the behavior of the There are at least three planned change models that have been identified by Cummings and Worley (1997): Lewins change model, the action research model, and contemporary adaptations of action research. Kurt Lewins Change Model: Organizational change can occur at three levels- and, since the patterns of resistance to change are different for each, the patterns in each level require different change strategies and techniques. These levels involve: Changing the individuals who work in the organization-that is, their skills, values, attitudes, and eventually behavior-but making sure that such individual-behavior change is always regarded as instrumental to organizational change. Changing various organizational structures and systems-reward systems, reporting relationships, work design, and so on. Directly changing the organizational climate or interpersonal style-how open people are with each other, how conflict is managed, how decisions are made, and so on. Whatever the level involved, each of the three interventions is needed to make organizational members address the levels need for change, heighten their awareness of their own behavioral patterns, and make them more open to the change process. Stage 1: Unfreezing Three ways of unfreezing an organization are: i. Disconfirmation ii. Induction of guilt or anxiety iii. Creation of psychological safety Disconfirmation or lack of confirmation. Organizational members are not likely to embrace change unless they experience some need for it. Embracing change typically means that people are dissatisfied with the way things are quality is below standard, costs are too high, morale is too low, or direction is unclear, for example. Unfreezing involves reducing those forces maintaining the organizations behavior at its present level. Unfreezing is sometimes accomplished through a process of psychological disconfirmation. By introducing information that shows discrepancies between behaviors desired by organization members and those behaviors currently exhibited, members can be motivated to engage in change activities. Induction of guilt or anxiety. This is a matter of establishing a gap between what is current but not working well and some future goal that would make things work better. When people recognize a gap between what is and what would be better and more desirable, they will be motivated via guilt or anxiety to reduce the gap. But disconfirmation and induction are not enough to accomplish the unfreezing stage. One more process is necessary. Creation of psychological safety. To face disconfirmation, experience guilt or anxiety, and be able to act or move, people must believe that moving will not bring them humiliation or loss of self-esteem. People must still feel worthy, psychologically safe. The consultant must be concerned with people not losing face and must take car that when people admit that something is wrong they will not be punished or humiliated. Stage 2: Moving (Changing) The second step, movement, involves making the actual changes that will move the organization to another level of response. On the individual level, we would expect to see people behaving differently, perhaps demonstrating new skills or new supervisory practices. On the structural level, we would expect to see changes in actual organizational structures, reporting relationships, and reward systems that affect the way people do their work. On the climate or interpersonal level, we would expect to see behavior patterns that indicate greater interpersonal trust and openness and fewer dysfunctional interactions. There are two main processes for accomplishing this stage: Identification with a new role model Scanning the environment for new information Identification with a new role model, mentor, boss, or consultant to begin to see things from that other persons point of view. If we see another point of view operating in a person to whom we pay attention and respect, we

Antigone Conflicts Essay -- essays research papers

Conflicts in Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were three basic conflicts that caused Antigone and Creon to clash as violently as they did. First, was the conflict of the individual versus the state, in which Antigone represented the individual and Creon the king, the state. The second conflict can be described as following ones conscience and ideals versus following the law strictly. In this conflict Antigone makes decisions based on her conscience and ideals while Creon is the strict law abiding king. Finally, the main and most important discord, which is similar to the second conflict, is the debate of moral and divine law versus human law. In this most important contention Creon strictly observes human laws and Antigone follows the divine or moral laws. Creon’s beliefs and his unwillingness to change ultimately cause the downfall of Creon and everyone that he cares about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the three roughly related conflicts we are given a picture of why and for what causes Creon and Antigone combat. Creon represents the laws of the world, while Antigone represents the laws of the soul. This creates obvious conflicts in the course of life. There are certain human laws that are for one reason or another unfair under certain circumstances. One such circumstance presented itself after Polyneices Eteocles, brothers to Antigone, are killed in the Thebes’ civil war. In the eyes of Creon Eteocles chose the noble and correct side in the war while ...

Persuasive Fishing

General purpose: To Persuade Specific purpose: To persuade the audience to go fishing this summer. Central Idea: Fishing is fun and easy Pattern: Topical Pattern Introduction: I have been fishing for 10+ years and really enjoy it and would love to share this hobby of mine with others. Body: There are so many ways to fish and I would like to share with you some information on my favorite ways to fish. Bow fishing is my favorite way to catch fish and it begins around May when the temperature is constantly warm and last thru ought the summer.Some gear you will have to have is a bow a recurve or a compound it doesn’t matter but if you are not the best with a bow the best bow for you would be the compound because you have sights on the bow. A retriever reel and an arrow with any kind of tip will work. And the way the fish is swimming threw the water you must aim below where you see the fish at, it’s difficult at first but it gets easier. Cat fishing can be done anytime durin g the summer day or night.I prefer night time because there are less people fishing and the fish are more active. But the down side to fishing at night you must then bring a light or build a fire to see the end of your poles. The first thing you will need is a fishing pole with a heavy weight on the end of the fishing line with a treble hook around half a foot up from the weight you do this because cat fish usually stay toward the bottom of the lake or river.What I found works the best and smells the worst is punch bait and you push the treble hook down into the punch bait with a stick because if you get it on your hands they will stink for a while. And another good bait to catch the catfish with is chicken livers and they are a little more difficult to put on the hook. Conclusion: Fishing is a great and relaxing hobby to try out.

Speculation That Edward De Vere Was the Real Shakespeare

Speculation That Edward De Vere Was the Real Shakespeare Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, was a contemporary of Shakespeare and a patron of the arts. A poet and dramatist in his own right, Edward de Vere has since become the strongest candidate in the Shakespeare authorship debate. Edward de Vere: A Biography De Vere was born in 1550 (14 years before Shakespeare  in Stratford-upon-Avon) and  inherited the title of 17th Earl of Oxford before his teenage years. Despite receiving a privileged education at Queen’s College and Saint John’s College, De Vere found himself in financial dire straights by the early 1580s – which led to Queen Elizabeth granting him an annuity of  £1,000. It is suggested that De Vere  spent the later part of his life producing literary works but disguised his authorship to uphold his reputation in court. Many believe that these manuscripts have since become credited to William Shakespeare. De Vere died in 1604 in Middlesex, 12 years before Shakespeare’s death in Stratford-upon-Avon. Edward de Vere: The Real Shakespeare? Could De Vere really be the author of Shakespeare’s plays? The theory was first proposed by J. Thomas Looney in 1920. Since then the theory has gained momentum and has received support from some high-profile figures including Orson Wells and Sigmund Freud. Although all the evidence is circumstantial, it is none-the-less compelling. The key points in the case for De Vere are as follows: â€Å"Thy countenance shakes spears† is how De Vere was once described in royal court. Could this have been a codified reference to De Vere’s literary activities? In print, Shakespeare’s name appeared as â€Å"Shake-speare.†Many of the plays parallel events from De Vere’s life. In particular, supporters consider Hamlet to be a deeply biographical character.De Vere had the right education and social standing to write in detail about the classics, law, foreign countries, and language. William Shakespeare, a country bumpkin from Stratford-upon-Avon, would simply have been unequipped to write about such things.Some of De Vere’s early poetry appeared in print under his own name. However, this stopped soon after texts were printed under Shakespeare’s name. So,  its been suggested that De Vere took on his pseudonym when Shakespeare’s earliest works were first published: The Rape of Lucrece (1593) and Venus and Adonis (1594). Both poe ms were dedicated to Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, who was considering marrying De Vere’s daughter. De Vere was well traveled and spent most of 1575 in Italy. 14 of Shakespeare’s plays have Italian settings.Shakespeare was heavily influenced by Arthur Golding’s translation of Ovids Metamorphoses. There is some evidence to suggest Golding lived in the same household as De Vere at this time. Despite this compelling circumstantial evidence, there is no concrete proof that Edward de Vere was the real author of Shakespeare’s plays. Indeed, it is conventionally accepted that 14 of Shakespeare’s plays were written after 1604 – the year of De Vere’s death. The debate goes on.

North Carolina State Laws on Abortion

North Carolina State Laws on Abortion What is an abortion? "The administration of any drug, device, potion, medicine, or any other substance or the use of any instrument or any other means whatsoever with the specific intent of terminating the life of a pre-born child (the human being in existence from fertilization until birth) or pre-born children" ("Abortion"). The laws vary from state to state. However, the North Carolina State Abortion Law does not include enough restrictions for young women. I believe that the North Carolina State Abortion Law does not protect the fetus as it should.In order for a young woman to have this medical procedure preformed she must have written parental consent, considering "she is under the age of eighteen and has never been married or emancipated" ("Who" 1). In the same way, "a grandparent whom the young woman has been living with for six months may also provide parental consent" ("Who"). By the parents giving consent to the young woman for an abortion, they are saying "it's okay", when in reality it's not.On old grocery store in Rex, North Carolina

World Religion and Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World Religion and Cultures - Research Paper Example Yet the two are quite distinct in many ways yet share a common bond in the belief of natural goodness and the strength of the spirit within and without in the natural world. In the West experience is explained in words, in the East, words are slowly pealed away so one can experience reality directly. In fact the Taoist text, The Tao Te Ching, opens with the following, â€Å"The Tao that can be told is not the Eternal Tao Way, the name that can be named is not the eternal name.† (Novak 146-1479) So, in essence, words always fall short of the true meaning of experience. Eastern religion must be felt and experienced rather than thought about. In these religions there is not just the mind but the heart-mind from which understanding comes, something the west has separated into two distinct entities. In regards to philosophy in the West it is intelligence versus emotion instead of a combination of the two when talking about morality, ethics and so on. Enigmatic, this is probably one of the best terms that a Western mind can come up with when initially trying to understand Taoism. Phrases that can be used to describe the Tao such as, the more we know about it the less we understand, seek and you will not find it, and so on have left many people respectfully bewildered. This may also be the feeling that is left when trying to fathom many of the other Eastern religions including Buddhism. Taoism is the oldest of the group and was perhaps the initial driving force for the Chinese philosophical bent overall. Taoism, in a sense, paved the way for Buddhism as the centuries passed. Confucianism as well but especially Taoism created some of the structures for understanding and even necessitating the philosophical and spiritual principles of the Buddhist philosophy. Taoism created a common thread of awareness, of collective insight that gave the Chinese

China in metal industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China in metal industry - Essay Example of China’s metal industry was under the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) where the key SOEs worked under the policies of the central government and the local SOEs were under the influence of the provincial government. China’s membership in the WTO had posed several challenges for the country considering the weaknesses in comparison to other countries in the world. However the country depended on mergers and acquisitions of steel companies but doubts still persisted as to whether the country would be able to compete in the international market (Hu & Ping, n.d., pp.2-3). The Chinese metal industry has been found to violate several commitments of the WTO. Violating the norms, the Chinese industry has not stopped its ownership and control over the production of steel. This has been mostly achieved with the intervention of the government that plays a significant role in the decision making even after China joining the WTO. In fact after joining the WTO, the intervention of the government has increased contrary to the commitments of the WTO. Violations have also been observed in the treatment and providence of the SOEs (Metals and Mining Chinese Steel Industry, 2011). Slowdown of growth in the Chinese market may bring concerns over the demands of steel along with other products. The LME (London Metal Exchange) realizing the state of the China metal industry decided to spread out its warehouse set-up into China that it considers as the largest user of base metals together with copper. This has been thought to bring in benefits for both the Chinese industry as well as the LME (Sim & Li, 2012). China has proved to be a leading producer of rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum in the world and over the last two years the country has imposed strict taxes over the exports of these elements leading to price rises (Rare Earths, 2012). China is also the largest consumer of copper, aluminium, and zinc, in the world and plans to limit new aluminium merging base metal

Technology of Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology of Information Security - Essay Example at the present are a mixture of these two solutions, where some data are stored on a centralized server and accessed by client computers, as well as some data is stored only on local computers which is never shared with other client computers (Microsoft, 2003; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005). In addition, all of the above discussed situations come with a variety of security problems to consider. In fact, for the majority of business organizations, at the very least some of this data must be kept secure. Moreover, in order to help present effective data security in the above discussed situations, there exist a wide variety of IT security technologies that can be used by the business organizations to keep their sensitive data and information secure during storage and network communication. Additionally, there is not a single IT security technology that has the capability to protect all data against all kinds of attack. However, there are many security technologies that can be combined to implement a wide-ranging security infrastructure that protects against a wide variety of security attacks (Microsoft, 2003; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005). I have presented below three information security technologies: It is an admitted fact that the majority of business organizations are exposing their personal networks to Internet traffic; as a result, the deployment of firewalls has become a basic need. Basically, â€Å"a firewall stops illegal communication inside and outside of the network, facilitating the company to implement a security strategy on traffic running between its network and the Internet† (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Additionally, firewalls can be either software or hardware. However, an effective firewall arrangement will be based on both (Beal, 2004). In this scenario, a firewall divides a network into different domains. A wide-ranging implementation of the firewall has the Internet as un-trusted domain; a semi

Workmens Compensation Law Ghana Essay Example for Free

Workmens Compensation Law Ghana Essay Section 1-Application to employees employed by the Republic This Act applies to employees employed by the Republic as well as private persons, except in the case of persons in the Armed Forces. Section 2-Employers liability for compensation (1) Where an employee sustains personal injury by accident arising out of, and in the course of employment, the employer is liable, subject to this Act, to pay compensation in accordance with this Act. (2) An injured employee shall not suffer a diminution in earnings while the employee undergoes treatment for injuries sustained through an accident arising out of, and in the course employment. (3) Where an attending medical officer assesses an incapacity in respect of an injured employee, the employer shall pay the injured employee compensation commensurate with the incapacity so assessed. (4) Subject to sections 3 and 4, where the injury results in death or serious and permanent incapacity, the Court on consideration of the circumstances, may award the appropriate compensation under this Act. (5) The employer is not liable to pay compensation in respect of an injury to an employee resulting from an accident which is attributable to the employee ha ving been under the influence of drink or drugs at the time of the accident (6) For the purposes of this Act, an accident resulting in the death or serious and permanent incapacity of an employee arises out of and in the course of employment, (a) although the employee was at the time when the accident happened acting in contravention of a statutory or any other regulation applicable to the employment, or was acting without instructions from the employer; (b) if the act was done by the employee for the purposes of and in connection with the employers trade or business. (7) Compensation is not payable under this Act in respect of incapacity or a death resulting from a deliberate self-injury. (8) Compensation is not payable under this Act in respect of an inc apacity or a death resulting from personal injury, if the employee has at any time represented to the employer that the employee was not suffering or had not previously suffered from that or similar injury, knowing that the representation was false. Section 3-Compensation in fatal cases (1) Where death results from the injury, (a) if the employee leaves dependants, the amount of compensation shall be a sum of money equal to sixty months earnings: but where in respect of the same accident compensation has been paid under section 5, 6 or 7, there shall be deducted from the sum payable under this paragraph the sums so paid as compensation; (b) whether the employee had dependants or not, the employer shall pay the medical expenses; (c) if the employee did not leave dependants, the employer shall bear the expenses of the burial as required by custom; (d) if the employee left dependants, the employer shall bear the expenses of the burial to the sum of five million cedis or as stipulated in the relevant Collect ive Agreement, whichever is the higher. (2) Where an employee survives an injury, whether the employee has dependants or not, the employer shall pay the medical expenses in respect of the injury. Section 4-Employer to pay medical expenses In an injury under this Act, the employer shall pay the medical expenses in respect of the injury. Section 5-Compensation for permanent total incapacity Where permanent total incapacity results from the injury the amount of compensation shall be a sum of money equal to ninety-six months earnings. Section 6-Compensation for permanent partial incapacity (1) Where permanent partial incapacity results from the injury the amount of compensation shall be, (a) in the case of an injury specified in the Third Schedule, a percentage of the compensation which would have been payable in the case of permanent total incapacity specified in the Third Schedule as being the percentage of the loss of earning capacity caused by that injury; and (b) in the case of injury not specified in the Third Schedule, a percentage of the compensation which would have been payable in the case of permanent total incapacity and proportionate to the loss of earning capacity permanently caused by the injury. (2) Where more injuries than one are caused by the same accident, the amount of compensation payable under this section shall be aggregated, but shall not exceed the amount which would have been payable if permanent total incapacity had resulted from the injuries. Section 7-Compensation for temporary incapacity (1) Where a temporary incapacity, whether total or partial, results from the injury, the compensation shall be the periodical payments or a lump sum of money calculated accordingly, having regard to the probable duration, and probable chan ges in the degrees, of the incapacity. (2) The periodical payment shall be the difference between the monthly earnings the employee was earning at the time of the accident and the monthly earnings which the employee is earning or is capable of earning in any other suitable employment or business after the accident; but (a) the aggregate of the periodical payments or the lump sum of money payable under this subsection shall not exceed the lump sum of money which would be payable in respect of the same degree of incapacity under section 5 or section 6, if the incapacity were permanent; (b) a period of absence from duty certified necessary by a medical practitioner shall be regarded as a period of temporary total incapacity irrespective of the outcome of the injury and a period subsequent to the first period but preceding the final assessment of disability shall be regarded as a period of temporary incapacity; (c) the maximum duration of periodical payments under this section shall not exceed twenty-four months except where the chief labour officer directs the continuance of periodical payments during the continuance of a disability for a further period not exceeding six months; (d) a lump sum of money payable under section 5 or 6 shall not be disturbed by r eason of periodical payments having been made under this section in the event of permanent incapacity following or after temporary total incapacity or temporary partial incapacity. (3) In fixing the amount of the periodical payment the Court may consider a payment, an allowance or a benefit which the employee may receive from the employer during the incapacity. (4) On the ceasing of the incapacity before the date on which a periodical payment falls due, a sum of money proportionate to the duration of the incapacity in that period is payable in respect of that period. (5) Where an employee in receipt of periodical payments under this section intends to leave the neighbourhood in which the employee was employed, for the purpose of residing elsewhere, the employee shall give notice of that intention to the employer who may agree with the employee for the redemption of the periodical payments by a lump sum of money or for the continuance of such periodical payments. (6) Where the employer and the employee are unable to agree, either party may apply to the Court which may order a redemption and may determine the amount to be paid or may order the continuance of the periodical payments. (7) A lump sum of money so ordered to be paid together with the periodical payments already made to the employee shall not exceed the lump sum which would be payable in respect of the same degree of incapacity under the section 4 or 5, if the incapacity were permanent. (8) Where an employee in receipt of periodical payments unde r this section leaves the neighbourhood in which the employee was employed, for the purpose of residing elsewhere, (a) without giving notice as provided in subsection (5), or (b) having given the notice leaves the neighbourhood without having come to a n agreement with the employer for the redemption or continuance of the periodical payments, or (c) without having made an application to the Court under subsection (6), the employee is not entitled to the benefits under this Act during or in respect of the period of absence. (9) Where the employees absence from the neighbourhood exceeds six months without justifiable cause, the employee shall cease to be entitled to the benefits under this Act. Section 8-Compensation for desfiguring injuries (1) Where in an employment personal injury of the description specified in an entry in the first column of the First Schedule by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment, is caused to an employee, the employer shall pay as compensation an amount of money for the injury determined by a medical practitioner recognised by the Government, not exceeding the percentage of the compensation payable in the case of permanent total incapacity that is specified in the corresponding entry in the second column of that Schedule. (2) The compensation payable under subsection (1) is irrespective of whether or not a compensation is payable under any other provision of this Act; but a mutilation in respect of which compensation is provided under the Third Schedule shall not rank as disfigurement under the First Schedule. (3) Where more injuries than one are caused by the same accident, the amount of compensation payable under this section shall be aggregated, but shall not exceed the amount which would have been payable if permanent total incapacity has resulted from the injuries. Section 9-Method of calculating earnings (1) For the purposes of this Act, the monthly earnings of an employee shall be computed in the manner that is best calculated to give the rate per m onth at which the employee was being remunerated during the previous twelve months if the employee has been so long employed by the same employer, but, if not, then for a shorter period during which the employee has been in the employment of the same emplo yer. (2) Where by reason of the shortness of the time during which the employee has been in the employment of the employer, or the casual nature of the employment, or the terms of the employment, it is impracticable at the date of the accident to compute the rate of remuneration, consideration may be given to the average monthly amount which, during the twelve months previous to the accident, was being earned by a person of similar earning capacity in the same grade employed at the same work by the same em ployer, or, if there is a person who is not so employed, by a person of similar earning capacity in the same grade employed in the same class of employment and in the same district. (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), employment by the same employer m eans employment by the same employer in the grade in which the employee was employed at the time of the accident, uninterrupted by absence from work due to illness or any other unavoidable cause. (4) Where the employee had entered into concurrent contract s of service with two or more employers under which the employee worked at one time for one employer and at another time for another employer, the monthly earnings shall be computed as if the earnings under those contracts were earnings in the employment o f the employer for whom the employee was working at the time of the accident. (5) The earnings of the employee under the concurrent contract shall be disclosed to any other employee at the time of engagement with the latter and shall be taken into account only so far as the employee is incapacitated from performing the concurrent contract. (6) On the request of the employee to the employer liable to pay compensation, that employer shall furnish in writing a list of the earnings which have been earned by t hat employee on which the amount of the monthly earnings may be calculated for the purposes of this section. Section 10-Persons entitled to compensation (1) Compensation is payable to or for the benefit of the employee, or where death results from the injury, to or for the benefit of the employees dependant as provided by this Act. (2) Where a dependant dies before a claim in respect of death is made under this Act, or, if a claim has been made, before an order for the payment of compensation is made, the legal personal representative of the dependants do not have a right to payment of compensation, and the claim for compensation shall be dealt with as if that dependant had died before the employee. Section 11-Distribution of compensation (1) Compensation payable where the death of an employee resulted from an injury shall be paid to the Court, and the Court may order the sum of money so paid (a) to be apportioned among the dependants of the deceased employee or any of them in the proportion determined by the Court, or (b) in the discretion of the Court, to be allotted to any one dependant, and the sum of money so allotted to a dependant shall be paid to the dependant or be invested, applied or otherwise dealt with for the dependants benefit in the manner determined by the Court. (2) Where, on an application made in accordance with the Rules, it appears to the Court that, on account of the differences of the circumstances of the various dependants, or for any other sufficient course, an order made under subsection (1) ought to be varied, the Court may make an order for the variation of the former order appropriate in the circumstances of the case.