10 Fascinating Facts About Termites

10 Fascinating Facts About Termites Termites have been crunching endlessly on wood for many years. From the African termites that assemble hills taller than men to the underground species that obliterate homes, these social creepy crawlies are intriguing animals to consider. Become familiar with these decomposers. 1. Termites Are Good for Soil Termites are really significant decomposers. They separate extreme plant strands, reusing dead and rotting trees into new soil. These ravenous creepy crawlies are fundamental to the strength of our timberlands. As they burrow, termites likewise circulate air through and improve the dirt. For reasons unknown we manufacture our homes from termite food - wood. 2. Termites Digest Cellulose With the Help of Microorganisms in Their Guts Termites feed on plants legitimately or on parasite developing on rotting plant material. In either case, they should have the option to process extreme plant filaments, or cellulose. The termite gut is stacked with microorganisms equipped for separating cellulose. This beneficial interaction benefits both the termites and the microorganisms living inside their creepy crawly has. The termites house the microorganisms and protozoa and reap the wood. Consequently, the microorganisms digest the cellulose for the termites. 3. Termites Feed on Each Others Feces Termites arent brought into the world with such microorganisms in their gut. Before they can begin the difficult work of eating trees, termites must acquire a gracefully of microorganisms for their stomach related tracts. They participate in a training known as trophallaxis, or, in less logical terms, they eat every others crap. Termites should likewise resupply themselves after they shed, so trophallaxis is a major piece of life in the termite hill. 4. Termites Lived 130 Million Years Ago and Have Cockroach-Like Ancestors Termites, cockroaches, and mantids all offer a typical precursor in a bug that crept the Earth around 300 million years prior. Fossil records show the soonest termite example goes back to the Cretaceous time frame. A termite likewise holds the record for the most established case of mutualism between living beings. A 100-million-year old termite with a cracked mid-region was encased in golden, alongside the protozoans that lived in its gut. 5. Termite Fathers Help Raise Their Young You wont discover killjoy fathers in the termite hill. Dissimilar to in honey bee provinces, where guys kick the bucket not long after mating, the termite lords stay. After their marital flight, the termite ruler remains with his sovereign, treating her eggs varying. He likewise shares parental obligations with the sovereign, helping her feed their young predigested food. 6. Termite Workers and Soldiers Are Almost Always Blind In practically all termite species, both the laborers and warriors in a given province are visually impaired. Since these productive people spend their lives in the limits of the dull, moist home, they have no compelling reason to create useful eyes. Conceptive termites are the main termites that require visual perception since they should travel to discover mates and new home locales. 7. Termite Soldiers Sound the Alarm Termite fighters structure the universes smallest overwhelming metal mosh pit when risk goes to the home. To sound the caution, officers slam their heads against the display dividers to send notice vibrations all through the state. 8. Concoction Cues Guide Most Communication in the Termite Colony Termites use pheromones - unique substance fragrances to converse with each other and control every others conduct. Termites leave fragrance trails to direct different laborers utilizing uncommon organs on their chests. Every province delivers an unmistakable fragrance, recognized by a compound on their fingernail skin. In certain species, the sovereign can even control the development and job of her young by taking care of them her pheromone-loaded crap. 9. New Kings and Queens Can Fly New regenerative termites are winged so they can fly. These youthful lords and sovereigns, called alates, leave their home province and fly out looking for a mate, regularly in huge multitudes. Every illustrious pair of lord and sovereign rises up out of the multitude together and finds another spot to begin another province. They sever their wings and settle down in their new home to raise their posterity. 10. Termites Are Well-Groomed You wouldnt think a creepy crawly that invests its energy in the earth would be so picky about its preparing, yet termites put forth an attempt to remain clean. Termites invest a lot of energy prepping one another. Their great cleanliness is critical to their endurance, as it monitors parasites and hurtful microbes inside the settlement.

the civil War :: essays research papers

The common war a war between the Northern conditions of our countryand the Southern states, began in April of 1861 and went on until April of 1865, anyway the issues that began the war began amny years before that. The Northern piece of the U.S got industrialized. That implies assembled enormous industrial facilities and fabricated things like iron items and materials or texture. Northern states required individuals to work in their plants and the greater part of them came as migrants from Europe. Nothern States were secured with woods, had freezing winters and rough soil that was difficult to cultivate so most homesteads there were little. In the North Many ppl lived in urban communities. The Southern states got agrarian. That implies, that , beacuse the ripe soil in South and warm, gentle atmosphere there, individuals had the option to develop grops on ranches. A few homesteads individuals attempted to do all teh occupations that dealt with necessities of individuals on the estate. Most platations in teh South developed rice, indigo, sugarcae, tobacco, and cotton. There was strife between the north and south on account of slave work. Both the north and the south wated the US government to go through cash to imporve things like streets and fabricate railways in their states. Since the House of Rep. furthermore, the senate make the loaws of our nation thast choose how maney from the legislature would be spent, it turned out to be significant whether the new states entering the association were slave states. That is the point at which he Missouri compromis happened. Southerners and notherners turned out to be more and mroe furious about subjugation and how gov. maoney was being spent, ppl beginning battling int he states over these issues. Wehn Missouri needed to join the association as a slave state, for instance, the northern states demanded that a free state needed to join simultaneously. The state was maine and when the 2 states went along with it was known as the Missouri Compromise the Civil War Starts when a vicious occasion occurred t harper's Ferry, Virginia when a man named John Brown and his firneds assumed control over a structure brimming with firearms that had a place with the US armed force. Jhohn Brown's arrangement was to give the rifles to slaes so they could begin an unrest and win their opportunity. Rather, the military encompassed the structure where John Brown, 2 of his children and 19 companions were and shot practically every one of them.

Ece Curriculum Free Essays

Youth Education: The Curriculum That Matters Most Stacie Emery ECE 311 Prof. Carly Davenport November 21, 2011 * Early Childhood Education: * The Curriculum That Matters Most Introduction As times change, it appears that instruction must change also, to fit the ever-changing necessities of our childhood. For offspring of all ages, instruction is a perplexing thing, yet so significant for every one of them to prevail with regards to anything they do. We will compose a custom article test on Ece Curriculum or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now California State Standards emulate the National principles for instructive qualities. Every kid has a privilege to quality, formal and age fitting training. Indeed, even before Pre-K, youngsters will start retaining mass amounts of data. This will proceed for the remainder of their lives, however the nature of the data given at an opportune time, will decide how every kid will utilize it. Educational program in Math, Fine Arts, Sciences and Literature has been created from various perspectives. The assessment of instructive principles has additionally opened better approaches to show these subjects, and that's only the tip of the iceberg, in manners that an engaging yet instructive setting. Alongside instructive norms, numerous scholars have contemplated the numerous phases of a child’s improvement. Analyst Jean Piaget (1896-1980) presented four phases that a kid experiences from birth to a child’s advancement recent years old. The four phases introduced by Piaget can assist teachers with making the most out of each child’s instructive experience. Jean Piaget Although Piaget’s formative hypotheses center essentially around the advancement of just kids and don't address learning practices, understanding the stages could be urgent for certain instructors. Piaget accentuated that each stage can be reached at various occasions, which means they are not concrete and grow just in the age run determined. The advancement could change because of learning handicaps or poor instructive chances, anyway most kids will experience each stage. Sensorimotor This is the phase of improvement from birth to about age two. The youngster starts to learn object changelessness. A great part of the infant’s learning is through every one of the faculties. Youngsters at this stage can be described by extraordinary egocentrism, which means the kid has no comprehension of the world other than their own perspective. Preoperational The preoperational stage centers around youngsters matured two to around seven years old. Youngsters in this stage can intellectually speak to occasions and protests, and for the most part take part in emblematic play. They can be very egocentric; everything is about â€Å"me†. This is likewise around the time a decent measure of kids start some type of formal tutoring. Concrete Operational At about age seven until around eleven years of age, youngsters experience the solid operational stage. Piaget believed this phase to be a significant defining moment in the child’s subjective turn of events, as it denotes the start of coherent or operational idea. Formal Operational At around eleven years old, the kid enters the formal operational stage. â€Å"As youths enter this stage, they gain the capacity to think in a theoretical way, the capacity to join and group things in an increasingly advanced manner, and the limit with regards to higher-request thinking. (McLeod, Simply Psychology) Educational Standards National Standards According to the NAEYC, coming up next is strived for: * â€Å"take educated situations on noteworthy, dubious issues influencing youthful children’s training and improvement; * advance expansive put together discourse with respect to these issues, inside and past the youth field; * make a common language and proof based casing of refer ence so specialists, leaders, and families may speak together about key issues in youth instruction; * impact open approaches; animate speculations expected to make available, reasonable, excellent learning conditions and expert turn of events; and * assemble additionally fulfilling encounters and better instructive and formative results for every single little youngster. † (NAEYC, Standards) California Standards California Standards are fundamentally the same as the National Standards, anyway especially increasingly nitty gritty. The CAEYC site states, â€Å"OUR MISSION The California Association for the Education of Young Children is devoted to propelling greatness all through the early consideration and training calling. OUR VISION CAEYC imagines a regarded proficient workforce giving formatively suitable and socially delicate, high-caliber, early consideration and training for every single little youngster accomplished through research, instruction, proficient turn of events and backing. OUR EXTERNAL VALUES †¢We accept that quality, early consideration and instruction in the lives of small kids empowers them to arrive at their maximum capacity. †¢We accept that proper frameworks of early consideration and instruction are a crucial piece of a community’s foundation. We accept that an all around educated network will advocate for the assets important to improve the personal satisfaction for their youngsters. †¢We accept that quality, early consideration and instruction is given by all around prepared experts who comprehend a child’s formative needs and have the capabilities important to arrive at their latent capacity. †¢We accept that giving quality, early considerat ion and training is the consequence of long lasting realizing where hypothesis, gauges, and practice are shared routinely and straightforwardly among experts, government and open authorities, just as guardians. We have confidence in esteeming the assorted variety that exists inside our calling. †¢We have confidence in building positive associations with associations that share our standards and look to guarantee that fitting frameworks are set up to serve small kids and their families. †¢We accept that quality, early consideration and instruction is given by experts that regard and comprehend the enthusiastic, physical, social and subjective needs of little youngsters and their families. †¢We accept that our capacity to influence positive change in the calling happens when we consolidate making a brought together voice. (CAEYC, Overview) Fine Arts Definition * Fine Arts are characterized as inventive and visual craftsmanship; a movement requiring extraordinary aptitud e or achievement: â€Å"the artistic work of persuasion†. Standard Reasoning * Fine Arts in the study hall can be gainful to both the educator and the understudy. Expressions of the human experience incorporate music, painting, photos, and so on. Permitting the youngster to communicate will open up their brains to think past what is genuinely before them. As a teacher, instructing a class of youngsters to draw an image will just demonstrate the kid to draw. Whenever thought is placed into the venture, for example, having the kid draw an image of what they will be the point at which they grow up, will get the youngster to consider some fresh possibilities. This broad reasoning makes an all the more fulfilling instructive experience for the kid. Arithmetic Definition Mathematics is characterized as: the theoretical study of number, amount, and space; the numerical parts of something: â€Å"the science of general relativity†. Standard Reasoning Mathematics can be a perplexing point at any age. Instructing a youngster numbers can be testing yet fulfilling. The multifaceted nature and challenge of the subject by and large comes when a kid experiences issues getting a handle on the idea. Making melodies about increase tables or senseless rhymes for expansion issues can make a progressively loosened up condition. Youngsters for the most part need to feel certain that they can finish a math issue without feeling mediocre. Enabling any youngster to work through an unpredictable math issue won't just increase that experience, yet it will help them when they get more seasoned. Science Definition Science is characterized as a part of information or study managing an assemblage of realities or facts deliberately organized and indicating the activity of general laws. It can likewise be arranged as a methodical information on the physical or material world increased through perception and experimentation or any of the parts of normal or physical science. Additionally as information, as of realities or standards; information picked up by orderly examination. Standard Reasoning Science covers a wide scope of themes. Science can be a scope of issues with likelihood answers. Science makes those potential outcomes concrete. Science demonstrates hypotheses, which are only assessments, with proof to show that there is no likelihood if the appropriate response being right, in light of the fact that the verification shows that it is. Science in early instruction homeroom opens youngsters to organic changes in the earth and fundamental changes that the kid experiences. At the more youthful ages, science ought to be continued engaging in such a case that it isn't â€Å"fun† kids will in general get some distance from the idea. Perusing Definition Reading is the activity or practice of an individual who peruses. To peruse is to take a gander at cautiously to comprehend the importance of something composed, printed, and so forth , to peruse a book; to understand music. Standard Reasoning To train a youngster to peruse is to give them an endowment of creative mind and improvement of inventiveness. Perusing to a youngster, beginning at a youthful age has demonstrated to aid the advancement of language abilities just as social aptitudes. In the study hall, perusing is required for most errands. Youngsters should have the option to peruse the difficult they are attempting to illuminate, or read a segment of a book to talk about, perusing directions on the board from the instructor. Instructors the same all endeavor to advance perusing as one of the main exercises a kid takes part in. Numerous people group will band together with training foundations to advance perusing outside of the study hall too. Language Development Definition Language advancement is the procedure by which youngsters come to comprehend and convey language during early c

Term Paper on at a Glance

Term Paper on at a Glance Utilizing a citation is the best way to indicate that a particular parcel of material employed in your essay came from another source. Bear in mind that writing and introduction for a paper isn't only essential, but it is going to also permit you to provide the reader the type of information that they require in order to acquire the finest possible outcomes. Writing an excellent research paper entails lots of things. For those who haven't any yet, then it is going to be better for you to hunt for any examples and samples of works to fully grasp the method by which the work needs to be completed and formatted. Term Paper on at a Glance A term paper is a sort of students' works they write during their semester. If you're out to boost your academic performance for a student, then try an illustration of term paper for college that will impact you with additional knowledge and techniques on performing better on your very best topic for the term paper. Nee dless to say, there are lots of different websites which claim that it is possible to get term papers free of charge. The papers also demonstrate the regions that students have to avid whilst writing their paper. What You Don't Know About Term Paper on Students must know different formats that are employed in writing the essay. Besides knowing the required format, they are advised to know all the basic knowledge that is needed for writing a good essay. The student will have the ability to be aware of the very best approach that may be given in writing essay papers. Since MLA and APA are the two most frequent formatting styles that are employed in academic writing today, it's vital to be alert to the salient points involved. Guidelines for writing Your paper will not be dismissed lightly. Remember which you could be requested to compose a term paper in more or less any class, and that these varieties of academic papers aren't solely reserved for English or literature studies. A term paper is the consequence of a whole lot of research, so once you're prepared to start writing, it can be hard to understand where to begin. Getting the Best Term Paper on In nearly all countries young individuals are somewhat more likely to experience moderate levels of deprivation than the overall population, but they're not as likely to experience the more severe kinds of deprivation, the report says. Thus, your introduction ought to be clear and precise. Our collection gives an amazing diversity of examples and can help you decide on the information that y ou will need for your research. Without focus, papers usually do not flow well and are more difficult to read and understand. The third paragraph produces a transition from the introduction to the remainder of the paper, telling us what they will discuss. Your title page is the initial impression of your work so make sure it will capture your reader's interest. Your topic sentence ought to be short and direct, which means that your reader receives the point. There are lots of students who think that a title page is completely crucial for any type of academic writing. Dwelling just on the introduction is not an easy job. Make a recommendation of which sort of performance appraisal is most suitable for Susan. 28 Discussed the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of performance appraisals and made a recommendation of which it is most appropriate for Susan. The Start of Term Paper on The overall description of the topic in the expression paper introduction e xample is among the sections of the document. Additionally, there are cases when a student can't even think of a topic because of his term paper. In addition, it's vital to select the unhackneyed theme for the term paper. Sample term papers ought to be strictly weighed side by side with the matter of plagiarism. The main aim of the expression paper examples is to demonstrate the very best approach that the students may use while doing their term paper. You should put in a title page only as long as your teacher specifies it. There's no such thing as a superior first draft paper. In the event that you were writing a paper depending on the topic sentence above, for instance, you might start your introduction with a couple of sentences describing the state of the Catholic Church and the custom of selling indulgences at the right time of the Protestant Reformation.

Essay about Pursuing a PhD in Information Technology ...

Statement of Purpose Program : PhD in Information Technology Management â€Å"Innovation, Positive Thinking, Persistence and Integrity† are the pillars on which I have built the foundations of my life. My ultimate goal is to pursue an academic career devoted to research and help shape the outlook of the world. Pursuing a PhD in Information Technology Management at (an Ivy League) University is a logical step in that direction. A passion for knowledge was instilled in me by my parents, both graduates, early in my childhood. My determination and will to succeed in every endeavor ensured that I remained at the top of the class throughout high school. I was awarded the CBSE award by the Indian government for students†¦show more content†¦During the course of my study, I also undertook courses in Economics and Finance. My personal drive and determination to succeed motivated me to start a company with a few of my fellow students, while I was still in college. The company, called XXXXXXX, specialized in web design and software management. Among our other innovations were a new web based email product and new software for web conferencing. The technology used by us provided reliability and extensibility. With seamless information exchange and object oriented design the web pages could be extended with ease. The confidence clients had in us was apparent when XXXXXX(one of our clients) offered us a 200,000 Rs/month project. It was then that I was able to develop my managerial and leadership skills. I also learned the art of negotiation and how to sell my product. My involvement in both the technical and managerial side fuelled an interest in the management of information systems. This enabled me to appreciate the interaction between these two fields. My experience at the company and the reading of seve ral books like Robbins and Coulter’s â€Å"Management†, Martin’s â€Å"Managing Information Technology† and Brealey and Myers’s â€Å"Principles of Corporate Finance† convinced me that my future was in an academic career devoted to research. As a first step towards achieving my goals I joined XXXXXXX in order to improve my mathematical and analytical skills.Show MoreRelatedWater, Sanitation And Hygiene1029 Words   |  5 PagesWater Resources Development (WRD). Currently pursuing my second master’s in Environmental Studies from Florida International University (FIU). I have worked in the WASH sector for seven years with different organizations and in a variety of contexts, including emergency response, refugee settings, urban slums and regular development programs. 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An Ethical Dilemma Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It

Running head: An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Abstract This paper discusses the importance of affirmative action in today’s society and the ethical role it plays when Employers and Universities are considering entry to their respected places of establishment. The paper will conclude with what America will face in the future in terms of affirmative action. An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Affirmative action still headlines stories in the media. Some in the minority groups agree that affirmative action has assisted them in so many ways, while others totally disagree with the policy altogether. The people†¦show more content†¦The employer’s race, gender, or attitude could possibly dictate the one who would get hired for the job. â€Å"Many employers race and sex, as well as racial attitudes, are potentially important influences affecting the hiring process.† (Button and Rienzo, 2003, p.3) For example, prior to affirmative action, if one did not have the right color or gender, he or she did not get hired for the job. Employers felt they should hire one of their same race or gender. For years there has been a racial divide in America. The constitution reads, â€Å"All men are created equal.† For years minorities have been looked at as lower class citizens. In the early days of America, minorities did not have the same status of t hose in the majority. Affirmative action affords the opportunity minorities need in order to get ahead in society. Affirmative action opens up the opportunity for minorities that was not made available to them 50 years ago. Affirmative action plays an important part in getting employment with certain higher learning institutions. According to Cahn (1993): Affirmative action is not an integral part of the appointment process at virtually every college and university in the United States. Announcements of available faculty and administrative positions routinely include statements such as this actual one: â€Å"[The University] is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer which actively seeks and encourages nominations of, and expressions of interestShow MoreRelatedThe Affirmative Policy Brief The U.s.f.g Should Ban Sale Of Super Hero Related Products Intended For Minors Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesJulie M. 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Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. Answer: Introduction: The term covenant is derived from the Latin word con venire meaning assembling together. It is referred to as the formal agreement or alliance of humanity or a religious community with God. This idea is the central to Abrahamic religions. It may be noticed that much of the belief of the Jewish religion revolves round the idea of a covenant who is an intermediator between the Jewish people and the Almighty God. This essay aims to explain the basis of the theory keeping in mind the traditional beliefs of the Jews about the Supreme Being and the bond shared by the mortals and the Almighty. The oldest Abrahamic religion of the world, Judaism has over 15 million followers all over the world (Silverstein, Stroumsa and Blidstein 2015). The followers of this religion are known as Jews. Judaism is one of the oldest religions that preach the existence of a single God. This religion practices monotheism and bears similarities with both the religions of Islam and Christianity. The religion accepts the belief in the theory of a single God. The followers of the religion abide by the moral teachings of the Old Testament of the Holy Bible that is inclusive of the Torah. Judaism derives its teachings and laws from the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, the Torah and the oral traditions. A number of these were the first traditions that were orally developed and the others were documented in the Talmud, the Mishnah and other works of holy importance. The Torah is considered to be one of the most important holy books of Judaism. Every book included in the Torah are separated into pa rts known as parshiyot (Robinson 2016). Judaism is the oldest and the first among the three great monotheistic religious faiths of the world (Leitane 2013). The most important belief of the religion is the existence of only one god. In the opinions of this religion the Supreme Being is considered merciful and just. The followers of the religion are expected to treat all the human beings with respect and dignity as the religion believes that all human beings were created in the model of the Almighty Himself. The Jewish offer their servings to God through their prayers, studies and by following the commandments that are set forth in their holy book Torah. Judaism, unlike other religions, do not believe in the fact that the world faces judgement due to the deeds that people establish and not by their creeds (Mfa.gov.il 2017). Thus, the religious view in discussion is not considered an active missionary religion. The Jewish community accepts converts from other religions based on the decision of the appropriate religious autho rities of the community and not only through the process of personal self-identification. Judaism consider the land of Israel to be the holy land. The Old Testament of the Bible is the principal religious text followed by the Jews. This contains the Torah, the Writings and the Prophets. According to the Jews, there had been an agreement management between the Gods and the early ancestor of the Jews, Abraham (Hattstein and Charlesworth 2013). According to the Holy Bible, the Supreme Being had made a promise to bless Abraham and his successors if they remained faithful and worshipped the Lord. The Almighty is said to have made the same covenant with the son, Isaac, and grandson, Jacob, of Abraham. Jacob was given another name by the Supreme Being, the name of Israel. Thus the descendants of Jacob came to be known as the Israelites or the Children of Israel. The Torah is believed to be handed over to the Jews by the Jewish religious leader Moses. There is a belief that states that the whole world was created by the Almighty from a mountain in Jerusalem, Mount Moriah located in the present day Israel (Loewenberg 2013). According to the Jewish belief, the Lord is, at all times, closest to the Israelite land. The belief further goes on to state that God the Almighty had asked the Jews, whom he had chosen, to build the society in the land of Israel and offer their services to the Divine Being. Several commandments in the Torah provide references to the land of Israel as the holy Land. According to the Holy Bible, the Almighty had chosen the Jews to worship and serve the Gods. They have thus been, at times, deemed as the Chosen People (Garroway 2012). According to the Exodus19:6, the covenant of God helped Jews transform into a holy nation and a priestly kingdom (Habisch 2012). According to the Deuteronomy 14:2, the Almighty had chosen the Jews to be a special nation out of all the inhabitants of the earth (Mizrahi 2012). This granted the Jews a special position among all the nations of the world. The Jews thus considered themselves granted with special responsibilities and duties that were commanded by the God. The Jews considered it their responsibility to establish a society that would practice justness. The only aim of this society would be the service of God. According to the Jews the covenant is double-sided. It promises that God would shower his love, blessings and protection on the Jews if they obeyed the laws of the Supreme Being. On the other side, the Je ws would have to take responsibility of their ow sins as well. They would be themselves responsible for the consequences that they have to face on disobeying the commands of the Supreme Being. The Jewish people consider it their own job to promote the existence of God and that the Divine Being wishes the residents of the earth to engage themselves in virtuous acts. The Jewish consider it their duty to be a bearer of light for the entire world to follow the path of God (Kaiser Jr 2012). They consider it their responsibility to guide the people of the world in order to transform the world into a better living place. There exists a belief among the Jews stating that they are assigned a special work of repairing the worldly ways. They believe that they have been entrusted with the responsibility of increasing the number of virtuous acts in the world. The goal of getting closer to divinity can be achieved the goal of getting closer to divinity by using the worldly things to increase the amount of righteousness in the world. According to them, this is known as bringing about the repair in the world. The followers of Judaism possess very lofty thoughts about themselves. They cons ider themselves to be the partners of the Supreme Being in the act of establishing peace in the world. According to their lofty ideas, they have been chosen by the Almighty God to help Him lessen the woes and sufferings of the earthly beings that include all the living creatures on the surface of the earth; to establish respect and peace between the fellow humans and to protect the environment of the earth from being destroyed. The followers of the Jewish cult do not force or persuade the followers of other religions or cults to convert themselves and accept the religious cult of the Jews. They believe that Almighty God, the Supreme Being has endowed them with the unique duty of preaching about the existence of the Divine Power. They believe that in order to accept the presence of the Almighty God, a person need not shun the religious beliefs that he already follows and covert to the Jewish cult. According to the Jews, anyone can be offering his service to God by following the seven commandments received by Noah (Jacobson 2012). The seven commandments can be found documented in the Book of Jubilees. These seven commandments state the basic laws that a Jew must follow in order to get in a close companionship with the Supreme Being. These rules suggest that there is only one God who should be worshipped. A person should not be cheating on his spouse once the marriage is completed. A person should not be pract icing cruelty by consuming meat from an animal that is still alive (Friedell 2014). A person should not commit any act of stealth or murder, he should not harm his fellow beings. the person should pay his respects to the Supreme Being and praise him. An institution of law should be set up in order to maintain peace in the land. In lieu of the above discussion it may be said that the idea of the covenant between the Supreme Being and the followers of the Jewish beliefs is central to the cult of Judaism. The vocation, witness and mission of the Jewish people determine the faithfulness towards the biblical Covenant. The Jews strongly believe that they were chosen by the Supreme Being in order to aid Him in making the earth peaceful and harmonious to live in. the Jews further believe that the Almighty had chosen them to serve Him and help preach his existence to the whole world. The Jews, according to their beliefs, were appointed by the Almighty to ensure a smooth functioning of the world through the establishment of law and order. References Friedell, S.F., 2014. A Jewish Constitution.Rutgers JL Religion,16, p.541. Garroway, J., 2012.Pauls Gentile-Jews: Neither Jew nor Gentile, but Both. Springer. Habisch, A., 2012. The broken tables of stone: a decalogue approach to corporate compliance practice. Journal of Management Development,31(9), pp.912-924. Hattstein, M. and Charlesworth, C., 2013.World religions. Kneman. Jacobson, A.J., 2012. Job's Justice.Cardozo L. Rev.,34, p.983. Kaiser Jr, W.C., 2012.Mission in the Old Testament: Israel as a Light to the Nations. Baker Books. Leitane, P.I., 2013. Monotheism. InEncyclopedia of Sciences and Religions(pp. 1355-1364). Springer Netherlands. Loewenberg, F.M., 2013. Did jews abandon the Temple Mount?.Middle East Quarterly,20(3), p.37. Mfa.gov.il (2017). [online] Mfa.gov.il. Available at: https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/spotlight/pages/about%20the%20jewish%20religion.aspx [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017]. Mizrahi, M., 2012. Jewish Survival, Divine Supervision, and the Existence of God.Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies,30(4), pp.100-112. Robinson, G., 2016.Essential Judaism: Updated Edition: A Complete Guide to Beliefs, Customs Rituals. Simon and Schuster. Silverstein, A.J., Stroumsa, G.G. and Blidstein, M. eds., 2015.The Oxford handbook of the abrahamic religions. Oxford Handbooks in Religion a.

Carding Mill Valley Essay Example

Carding Mill Valley Essay How and why does the valley width change downstream? 2. How and why does the channel width change downstream? 3. How and why channel cross-section change downstream? 4. How and why does the average velocity change downstream? 5. How and why does the channel gradient change downstream? 6. How and why does the bed-load change downstream? 7. How and why does the human land use of the valley change as the river moves downstream and does this Impact on the river? Introduction Carding mill valley is in Shorebird, England. It is 22. Km northwest of Trochaic; it is part of long mind. The valley in total stretches 2 miles and spans 5 sq miles in total. The long mind is a stretch of hills literally translated from welsh as Long Mountain, they stretch for 7 miles. The valley cuts into the long mind so therefore it is part of the hills. The valley has a few types of vegetation on top of grass such as heather, bracken, bilberry and gorse. We will write a custom essay sample on Carding Mill Valley specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Carding Mill Valley specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Carding Mill Valley specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is also an abundance of animals especially sheep and birds, there Is also a disused reservoir which will have a lot of aquatic life. The valley was formed 600 years ago by volcanic activity. The rocks In the hills and valley are 560 million years old. At the top of the valley there is a waterfall that is called tight spout waterfall that is fuelled by mm of rainfall they get each year. The valley is now maintained and looked after by the national trust, which initially took over in 1965 and then completely took over in 1979. In the valley there is now a shop, cafe © and a gabion that is helping prevent the erosion. In the valley you can simply go for a walk or partake in some more exciting activities such as hang gliders, there is also a tearoom with great views and surroundings. [pick] Climate graph We can see from my climate graph that there are general trends such as mild temperatures In autumn Ana spring out really quilt cola temperatures In ten winter and very warm temperatures in the summer, the temperature go from a low of 2 degrees in December to a high of 16 in July. Yet again there are trends in the amount of rainfall, firstly there is rain all year round but the heaviest is found in November with 99 mm of rain and the low is found in July with 29 mm of rain. Carding mill alley is found in a temperate climate, which is the same as the whole of the United Kingdom, this means there are no extremes of rainfall or temperatures. Sketch Map Methodology Measurements we took 1) Valley width. 2) Channel width. 3) Channel depth. 4) Gradient. 5) Velocity. ) Bed load (longest axis and shape) 1) Valley width We use this tape measure to measure how wide the valley was. We measured from where there was an incline in height on one side to the same on the other. 1) Channel width We use the tape measure again to measure how wide the channel of water was. We simply measured from one side of the channel to the other. 3) Channel depth When we measured the channel depth we put a tape measure across the channel and then we put a meter ruler into the water and measured how deep the water is in CM. We did this every 25 CM. ) Gradient 10 measure ten gradient we put ranging poles Into ten ground or rollover at distances of 10 meters apart we used 3 poles in total. We then lined up the sights of the clinometers up with the two second red stripes on two of the poles as shown above. 5) Velocity To measure the velocity of the river we place a cork in the river and timed how long it kook for it to travel 10 meters. To measure the bed load we selected 6 rocks from the bed of the river from all 6 sites and measured the longest part of the rock, this will be its length. Then we looked at the shape of the rock and compared it to our guideline to determine whether it was very angular, angular, sub-angular, sub-rounded, rounded or well rounded. Results 1. Valley Width 2. Channel width 3. Channel Depth, Cross-section Profiles 4. Gradient 5. Velocity 6. Bed Load Longest Axis 7. Bed load shape Types of erosion Abrasion/corrosion Rocks that are carried in the river grind and erode the riverside and bed. Some of the rock at the sides and bed of the channel are washed away. This type of erosion widens the channel through lateral erosion and deepens the channel by vertical erosion. Hydraulic action Water traveling at a high speed may enter the line of weakness of rock when it hit against these rocks at the side of the channel. The force may cause the rock to break Ana ten Drone pieces AT rock are swept away Attrition When material in the water collides with one another, they break and become smaller particles. These particles become smoother and rounded. Solution/ Corrosion The river water may also dissolve the minerals in the rock and carry them down the river. Limestone may be dissolved quickly in the river water, especially when there is high concentration. Analysis of data Valley width We can see in my graph that as we move down stream the valley widens at a slow rate to begin with but it get more rapid the further we go down the valley. I can show this by using my results as I said the valley starts off at a slow rate of widening of 4. Mm to 6. Mm and again up to mm so this clearly is a gradual increase. Whereas it jumps to measurements of 1 5. Mm to 29. M and then to mm, this shows the rapid increase. This is an increase of 34. 73% from the top of the valley to the bottom; this is taken from a minimum measurement of 4. Mm and a maximum measurement of mm. Types of erosion involved in this are abrasion/corrosion, which is Rocks that are carried in the river grind and erode the riverside and bed. Some of the rock at the sides and bed of the channel are washed away. This type of erosion widens the channel through lateral erosion and deepens the channel by vertical erosion. Also Hydraulic action is an affect where water traveling at a hig h speed may enter the line f weakness of rock when it hit against these rocks at the side of the channel. The force may cause the rock to break and the broken pieces of rock are swept away. These causes get stronger as we move down the river as they pick up speed and extra sediment and rocks to cause the erosion. The most important type is abrasion as it is the most destructive erosion and as for the time of year that it is most prolific is winter as the volume of water coming down the river is greater so the amount of rock it can carry increases. The valley widens as the channel widens hence the types of erosion mentioned. Channel width We can pick out from the individual graph and the combined graph that the channel width increases as we move down stream. However there is an anomaly in these results, which could have many explanations such as harder rock or the river, slows at this point. The widths on the whole increases by nearly triple its original width. As for erosion it will have the same types as valley width as the channel width dictates the valley width. So there will be hydraulic action, corrosion and abrasion at work. The patterns Tanat are clear on ten graph all T t a general pattern AT ten Turner down alley you get the wider the valley and the channel gets. Channel depth As we look at my channel cross-sections it tells us clearly that as we move down stream the channel widens and with it gets deeper, this is this because of the types of erosion happening which are; abrasion/corrosion, attrition, hydraulic action and corrosion. It goes from a minimum depth of CACM to a maximum depth of CACM so thats an increase of 2 fifths. I have found one anomaly in my results of site one which is the deepest but that could be because of the amount of water hitting it from the plunge pool little further up. Gradient The gradient is steeper at the top near the source as it is coming down out of the valley but as you go further down stream its gets flatter as we come down out of the hills and down to the bottom of Body hill. It changes from a high of 12 too low of 2 this is a decrease of 2/3rd. An anomaly may be that there is no decrease between site 5 and 6 so there is only the force of upstream pushing the water through. There are a few types of erosion causing the change in gradient as corrosion and abrasion forcing the land to recede downwards, this changes the shape of the valley I ways such as the valley itself gets deeper and in some places causing mini waterfalls as there may be harder rock that is not eroded so easily. Deposition occurs in quantities and this affects the gradient, as it will flatten it out, as there is new bed load all the time. [pick] In the lower valley there is more lateral erosion than vertical erosion as there is not so much force pushing down where the waterfall is pushing down rather than the river pushing forward. Velocity As we move from site 1 to site 6 we see that the velocity has ups and downs there is no definite pattern between the results as they start at 1. 6 and then drop suddenly to 0. 96 but then they steadily go up so this result may be an anomaly from rock on the bottom that the cork got stuck on or maybe a small plunge pool that it got stuck in but to look at the results do not look like they have a definite pattern. But from the lowest result to the highest result there is an increase of almost double the speed. The velocity is going to change as near the plunge pool where the velocity is going to be high the amount of angular rocks will slow it and with the small channel width and the large wetted area will cause more friction and slow the cork and velocity own. Load longest axles Ana load snaps As for the bed load shape at the top of the stream the rocks angular and sub angular, as they havent had time to get eroded and smoothed over yet, as for the bed load length it starts off at the top as a maximum of 12 CM and then down to the bottom where the maximum length is 7. 6 so that is an increase of about h, so at the bottom of the valley the rocks start to become more rounded and sub rounded. So in summary the further you go down they valley the smaller and more rounded they are but up the top they are longer and more angular. In my results there are no anomaly to be found for the bed load shape but as for the bed load length there are some from site 3 and site 5 where they are much smaller than expected this could be because they got trapped in that position and eroded in that place instead of moving down stream and getting eroded on the way. The bed load shape will defiantly change constantly as the new angular rock is supplied at the top from it falling from the weathered valley sides, but further down stream the sediment has been eroded in transportation by attrition, corrosion and abrasion, which will make them smaller and more rounded. Human analysis of carding mill valley Man has influenced this area and the river in many ways, which will affect the state and the activity of the river. Firstly the excellent walking areas around draw hikers to the area this causes paths and walkways around the area. This will affect the valley as they put down tablets of stone which are impermeable to water cannot get into the soil and make it to the river via through flow this will increase surface run-off which will keep water on top of the ground and increase the chance of flooding, however they space to slabs a little apart and do not cement them down so there fore he water can still enter the earth. On the upland there is beautiful heather which could become ruined by people taking cuttings or dropping litter which affects the wildlife as the heather may be their home and they may try to eat the litter or dropped scraps, this may in turn make them dependent on humans which makes them less wild and move away from their inherited lives but this can be resolved simply by putting fines on litter or putting more bins around the site. Hand gliders love it there to as it is high and beautiful but Para gliders will cause noise and air pollution. Tourist activity has affected it by laying concrete and pavements which are impermeable increasing surface run-off and increasing yet again the possibility of flooding and in turn lowering the amount of water making it to the river and being taken away but they have put a man made drainage system in to combat this problem, they have also put hard rock barriers up to stop its natural course and dictating where it goes however the have put gabion up to stop the river destroying the landscape by eroding the valley too far and causing landslides. The tourist attraction and the education centre put together will increase the amount of visitors sleeve wanly all affects ten ruler, Decease tense wall De many people wall De walking up and down the valley all the time which will cause erosion on the grass and soft land. The hiking routes are well marked but the walkers may well go off track and cause damage on unmarked land where it needs to be preserved. The main thing that makes the place so popular to humans apart from the spectacular views, easily accessible and lots of wildlife is that its free so therefore at least 250,000 people visit the site each year so that will cause a lot of pollution and erosion, this ill also cause more conversationalist which means more tarmac and impermeable surface and more land covered which decreases interception which helps against floods. As the valley has at least mm of rain per year which is a good amount. The valley was made by volcanic activity 600 million years ago so this draws more people especially as it has some of the oldest rock formations in existence. The whole valley is covered in heather, bilberry, bracken and gorse which all helps with interception, transpiration and stem flow but as this gets cut back to build tourist attractions it will increase the amount of water going into the river causing increased chance off extreme flooding. pick] This diagram shows the system that happens to a place that has had nothing done to it in terms of tourist activity, Housing and human activity at all but when humans do step in the amount of over land flow, surface storage and soil infiltration decreases dramatically so therefore the amount of drainage basin output will be way too low so as a result there will be a massive increased threat of flooding. So basically there has been no building to increase interception and there is o tarmac to increase the surface runoff. Conclusion 1) The valley width changed down stream due to the given types of erosion such as hydraulic action, corrosion, abrasion and attrition. It does this because erosion cuts into the sides and bed of the stream and therefore it gets wider and deeper. The channel does this, as that is what causes the erosion. ) The channel width changed in ways of wider and deeper from erosion that grinds into the side of the channel so the further down the stream the wider it gets and the same happens to the depth but instead of lateral erosion it goes vertically. ) The cross-section changes as you go down the stream in ways of lateral and vertical erosion because of all types of erosion. The depth is always deeper towards the top as the water is coming down out of the hills so it is coming vertically but the further down it begins to flatten out so therefore it starts to get w ider. ) The velocity is greater at the top because the gradient up the top is greater than down the bottom so its obvious that as the gradient flattens out the velocity gets slower. 5) The gradient changes due to the direction of erosion so at the source it is vertical erosion due to the plunge pool but as you go down the erosion turns into lateral erosion so odometer ten gradient neatens out. 6) The bed load starts at the top with weathered rock falling from the valley. It is angular when it falls in and its rather large also. As the rock travels down the stream it gets eroded from corrosion, abrasion and attrition. 7) The human impact affects the river in ways such as dictating the course of the river and also it will not get any through flow water as the ground is covered with concrete and tarmac. Evaluation Large wetted area Angular rocks Small plunge pools

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia Introduction The tourism and hospitality is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. The industry takes a larger portion of the economy and plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The tourism industry not only operates nationally but also fully participates in the global market economy. The industry is currently recording massive improvements especially due to the recovery in the world economy from the disastrous economic meltdown that was previously.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Victoria tourism and hospitality industry stands out to be the second largest in the whole of Australia with flourishing businesses ranging from restaurants, cafes, hotel services, bars, pubs, clubs as well as well furnished apartments. The industry is famous for its high quality and customer friendly facilities that provi de customers with the desired comfort (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Factors influencing the growth of the industry The global economic recovery has led to the tremendous growth of the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria. Victoria is also renowned for its quality restaurants and hospitality facilities that highly attract more tourists and visitors. In addition to this, the industry incorporates a number of organizations and institutions that provide important information to their potential visitors and thereby making known worldwide the quality services provided in Victoria. Such organizations include the Baking Industry Association of Victoria and Artisan Bakers Association among others (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). Also the foreign investment regulations within the state are moderate and highly promote investment from the foreigners and therefore this has attracted many investments from both the foreign and local investors. In addition to the above factors, tourism in Victoria has also been influenced primarily the reduction in the oil prices, which led to the subsequent reduction in airline surcharges and therefore leading to decrease in the airfares charges, especially regarding longer routes. This as a result has led to the increase in the number of tourists visiting the state. Generally, Australia has improved its aviation facilities in the recent past, especially routes linking to the international countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. The increased capacity has translated into more visitors and tourists visiting the country.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis of the Victoria state As outlined before, the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria is the second largest in Australia and the most famous because of the quality services offered by their ultra-modern facilities. The industry has a workfo rce of more than 115000 workers who accounts for a good percentage of 4.4% of the total labor force within Victoria State. In Victoria State, hospitality and tourism incorporates a number of businesses whose services are tailored toward meeting the consumer’s ever increasing demands (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). They include accommodation facilities, restaurants, cafà ©, bars and pubs, catering services, facilities for hosting meetings and events both for business purposes, managing, and coordinating tour operations, providing relevant information to tourists, conducting tour guiding, managing holiday parks, conducting and organizing cultural tourism, casinos, and caravan park operations. The state of Victoria is within the southern region of Australia that is widely known both locally and internationally as a key tourism destination. Therefore, the strategic location of the state is an added advantage to them (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). The state has the aging population as t heir working population and due to inadequate skilled personnel within the young population, it means that most of the old staff is retained and this might lead to inefficiency and low output. There is need for skilled and experienced personnel within the young population to replace the old aging population Target market The target market for all the products and services mentioned above is mainly from both the international and the local tourists. For instance, a fall in the growth of tourism will translate into a reduction in the growth of the hospitality industry. This is due to the fact tourists, both local and international, play a major role in the utilization and consumption of the products and services offered in the hospitality industry. Therefore, the hospitality industry is highly dependent on tourism. On the other hand, tourism also relies on the hospitality industry to some degree. For instance, high quality and attractive services offered in the hospitality industry ca n be used as an attraction to tourists who will visit these facilities in order to enjoy the wonderful services offered by them (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Victoria State covers only three percent of the Australia’s landmass and has a population of approximately 5.13 million people. In addition, almost half of the entire population is below 35 years and therefore forming a good market for the tourism and hospitality industry. The presence of a young population is a good sign that the industry shall continue flourishing due to the available of the domestic market. Victoria also receives a larger number of international tourists who account for 25% of the all tourists visiting Australia. For instance, the state received 1.5 million tourists last year. Therefore, apart from the dom estic tourists from within Australia, Victoria also receives a relatively large number of tourists. Most of their international tourists come from North America, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, Singapore, and New Zealand. Pricing strategies Victoria has gone a step farther by embracing the online booking provisions in their tourism industry. The proposed system that is already in use is a national booking platform for both the international and the local tourists. The system is known as the Tourism Exchange Australia (TXA) that contains a large database of all the products and services provided by the Australian tourism and hospitality industry. All the businesses listed by the Australian Tourism and Data Warehouse (ATDW) will have their products and services accessible online and booking made possible because the data warehouse contains all the vital information including the prices for the services and products. All the locally developed booking systems are also linked to this e xchange system that enables online selling of the services and products and therefore increasing the sales for the industry. The system also supports online establishment of agreements between the tourism industry and the prospective buyer and therefore making it more effective. Operators of the respective businesses can access the database and update their prices for the various services and products (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Promotional practices Domestically, the government and other institutions related to the industry have come up with strategies that are aimed at publicizing the industry to the Australian population. Some of the ways embraced by the state to advertise its tourism industry include play Melbourne campaign that advertises Melbourne as a city with hidden treasures. This has been achieved through a number of ways including using local media and press and media. This is extended to the online websites and is meant to encourage local tourists from all over Australia to dare visit Melbourne and discover the treasures that lies within the city.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is part of the larger Victoria jigsaw campaign meant to promote Victoria’s tourism and hospitality industry locally, within the Australian population and also reach to the international community. Also there are committees put in place to facilitate and coordinate regional campaigns. The publicity campaigns are aimed at branding all the cities and towns within Victoria as unique places worth visiting (Stabb, 1999, p. 123). On the international scale, various campaigns and strategies have been formulated to see to it that the State’s tourism and hospitality industry is well known to the international community. There is an international marketing division, Tourism Victoria, which works closely with the other stakeholders within the industry in marketing Victoria to the international countries. The division formulates winning strategies to market the industry in international countries. It has offices in other countries that fall within their target markets. This is to help in easier coordination of advertising activities in those countries and keep in touch with the potential customers (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Tourism Victoria works handy with Tourism Australia, Australian Airlines, major industry stakeholders in liaison with the Victorian tourism industry in a bid to sell the industry to the prospective tourists and visitors. The international marketing strategies are carried out in two ways including the trade and consumer strategies. Both strategies are meant to assisting in attaining an increase in familiarity by the potential consumers on the tourism and hospitality facilities within Victoria. They are also targeted at branding Victoria as the leading tourist destination as far arts and cultures, events, recreation, catering, and wine services are concerned (Rose, 1991, p. 412). In consumer marketing, Tourism Victoria has a stronger influence on all activities conducted by Tourism Australia in the foreign markets. In some instances, the d ivision runs autonomous brand campaigns to advertise Victoria to the international community. There is a website tailored to provide relevant information to those aspiring to visit Victoria as well as advertising it as the main destination point for all tourism activities. There are both written content and video on the website to provide the required information. The information available is in different languages so as to reach as many people as possible. In trade marketing, Tourism Victoria works in partnership with Australian based inbound tour operators by organizing and coordinating workshops and trainings to familiarize them with available tourism opportunities within Victoria. The division also organizes trade fairs and exhibitions to their prospective consumers both nationally and internationally. Tourism Australia also in partnership with local and international airlines carries out cooperative promotions for publicizing Victoria’s tourism potential to the internati onal countries. This is done with most of the airlines and distribution networks and therefore widening their market by creating awareness among the potential consumers globally (Kotler, Bowen and Makens 2010, p. 441). An official website managed by the state provides a variety of information to the potential visitors concerning the tourism facilities in Victoria State. There is a provision on the same website under tourism for the local tour operators and stakeholders in the hospitality industry to showcase their businesses on the website and display the range of products and services they offer. This form of online marketing is meant to cover as many businesses as possible and advertise them to the both local and international communities. Conclusion and recommendations From the information in the sections above, it is true that the tourism industry in Victoria has well established framework to support their activities at the same time ensure sustainability in the industry. The st ate has played a significant role in ensuring that Victoria continues not to be only Australia’s tourism destination point but also the world’s most attractive tourist site. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be correction to ensure long term improvement and growth in the sector (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Even though the industry seems to be on an upward trend, more is required for the industry to start operating at its optimum and therefore maximize on the available opportunities in the industry. Both the government and the various stakeholders in the industry have a role to play in ensuring success of the industry. Therefore, the following are some of the recommendations that need consideration in order o reap maximally from the tourism and hospitality industry and make Victoria a tourism haven in the whole of Australia and the world at large. The accreditation system put in place to certify operators in the industry needs improvement. The current system of accreditation has not had any impact on the service delivery to the final consumers. Some of the operators, even after receiving accreditation, are still rendering poor services to their customers. A good number of businesses have untrained personnel who do not meet the requirements for the industry. Therefore, the government should consider such factors as employee skills and knowledge as well as availability of quality facilities before accrediting the operators. Also continued vetting should be thorough to ensure that accredited operators maintain the required standards of service provision to their customers (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government in partnership with the respective shareholders should build a competitive digital capability that will ensure Victoria competes favorably with the other international competitors. This can be achieved by incorporating more competent personnel in managing online marketing and coming up with ways of expanding the service so a s to cover the entire global market. The government should encourage investment into the tourism industry by offering more incentives and subsidies that will attract both the local and foreign investors into the industry. This will facilitate the expansion of the industry and therefore fasten its growth. The government can also partner with the other stakeholders in developing the infrastructure, especially the transport and communication network within the state so as to open Victoria to the rest of the world. The various tourism sites should have a good transport system (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government should encourage domestic tourism and give more attention to the training of personnel to work in the industry. Regular workshops and trainings help sharpen the skills of those working in the industry and inform them of the current trends and emerging issues in the global market. The state should work handy with the other states to eliminate cut-throat competition, esp ecially on the international market. It will also give them a common bargaining front and therefore lead to reduction in trade barriers imposed on them by the international countries (Baum and Hagen 1999, p. 299). Reference List Baum, T. and Hagen, L., 1999. Responses to Seasonality: the Experiences of Peripheral Destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(5), pp. 299-312. Bergin, S. and Jago, L.J., 1999. Accreditation of Adventure Tour Operators: The Consumer Perspective 1999 CAUTHE National Research Conference. Adelaide Bureau of Tourism Research. Kayler, T.W., 1995. Tourism Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Strategic Directions for Victoria. Tourism Victoria. Kotler, P., Bowen, T.J. and Makens, C.J., 2010. Marketing for hospitality and tourism. 5th ed. Sydney: culinary and hospitality industry publication services. Rose, R., 1991. What is Lesson-drawing? Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy. Stabb, C., 1999. Review of Membership for Involvement in Coop erative Promotions Funded by Tourism Victoria. Tourism Victoria.

Instrumental Analysis EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instrumental Analysis EXAM - Essay Example Infrared rays are used in analysis of the structure of organic compounds by examination of the chemical bonds. Microwaves are utilized in protein hydrolysis that is essential in amino acid evaluation. Radio waves are used in the chemical analysis of drugs. They are also utilized in evaluating the electronic conditions surrounding the nuclei (Sharma S-3 - S-12). Question 2: The energy across the EMR spectrum varies by decreasing from the gamma, to UV, to visible light, to IR, to microwaves and finally to radio waves. The frequency of the waves is highest in gamma rays and the radio waves have the least frequency just as arranged above. The radiation is determined by the energy levels; hence, the radiation also decreases in the order arranged above (Sharma S-3 - S-12). Question 4: A diode is a device that only permits current flow in a single direction. It functions to detect light though the creation of an electron-hole when a photon with enough energy hits it. It does this through the forward and reverse-bias. If the polarity is such that the electrons are permitted to move through the diode, it is termed as forward bias, however, if the diode hinders their flow, then it is called reverse bias. A diode array is a system that has several photodiode units. It is used in the obtaining of qualitative features of compounds in liquid chromatography. A charged coupled device (CCD) functions by having light interrupt the photodiodes. The photodiodes that are reverse-biased lead to the capacitor been discharged at a proportional rate to the amount of photon release. The released charge is transmitted to a shift recorder with the aid of the closing of a sequence of switches. After which, the switches open once the shift is recorded recharging the capacito rs. An A/D converter helps in obtaining the data, which is displayed on a computer (Park 1-15). Question 6: A photomultiplier functions by

DISC Platinum Rule Profile Assessment Pt.2 Essay

DISC Platinum Rule Profile Assessment Pt.2 - Essay Example The sub styles of Steadiness styles are the Relater, the Specialist, the Go-Getter, and the Harmonizer. Similarly, the sub styles for Cautious styles include the Thinker, the Master-Minder, the Assessor, and the Perfecter. Behavioral Styles Dominance styles tend to be goal-focused and fast-paced. Dominance styles control other people, like to achieve goals and objectives, whereas Interactive styles are relationship focused and are friendly towards their relationships. The optimism of Interactive styles helps them build purposeful alliances with other people. Steadiness styles have strong social networks and are supportive individuals, whereas Cautious styles are systematic and analytical individuals, who like to solve problems by perfecting the processes and working towards concrete results. Impact on Entire Team Dominant styles are goal focused. They do not like delays and motivate the team members to work with full dedication in order to achieve the goals within time. Interactive s tyles are friendly and possess excellent communication skills, which help them work effectively as individuals and as groups as well. Steadiness styles are loyal employees and excellent team players, who achieve team goals in a successful manner. Cautious styles are reliable and deliberate decision-makers.

Soil Erosion and Public Health in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Soil Erosion and Public Health in Nigeria Essay Soil Erosion and Public Health in Nigeria Introduction            Soil erosion and environmental degradation are some of the mainly severe public health and environmental problems affecting or facing human kind /society. Statics show that, human beings obtain 99.7 percent of their food from the land and the rest is obtained aquatic bodies such as oceans and other water ecosystems. However, each year more than 10 million hectares of crop land are lost through soil erosion and in turn this reduces the cropland that is available for human kind to produce his food. This loss of cropland has turned to be a serious problem as according to the world health organization, more than 3.6 billion human beings are affected by malnourishment globally (Showers, 2005). Generally, soil is being lost from land areas 10 to 40 times faster than the rate of soil renewal imperiling future human food security and environmental quality. This paper critically examines the impact of soil erosion towards public health in developing countries specifically Nigeria (Showers, 2005). Soil erosion is one of the key environmental degradation problems in the developing world. Despite the enormous existence of literature on causes, and impacts of soil erosion a concrete understanding of this complex problem is lacking in the developing countries. The analysis discusses the negative impacts of soil erosion towards the public health care (Cornell University, 2006).            Loss of soil from the land surfaces through the process of soil erosion is spreading globally and negatively affects the production of almost all natural ecosystems as well as agricultural. Together with the escalating human population worldwide, soil erosion, energy and water availability, and loss of biodiversity are ranked as the prime environmental problems all over the world (Beinart, 2008). The change that is inflicted on the soil through human induced erosion over the years is significant and has in turn resulted in valuable land becoming unproductive and eventually it is abandoned. Soil erosion reduces soil quality and hence reducing soil productivity as well that of natural, agricultural and other elated ecosystems. Public health can be summarized as the art and science of avoiding disease as well prolonging and promoting life and health respectively. Soil erosion has been one of the major threats to public globally as its effects have threatened the healt h system in communities (African Development Foundation, 1994).            Public Healthcare in NigeriaThe country’s national government is and has been responsible for the provision of effective health care upon its people. The Nigerian government is the one responsible for providing adequate health care to its people. Health care provision in Nigeria is a simultaneous duty done by the three tiers of administration in the country (Vanlauwe et al, 2005). Its structure is such in a way that, the Federal governments role is limited to coordinating the dealings of the University Teaching Hospitals, Federal Medical Centers. On the other hand, the state management focuses its responsibility for managing various general hospitals, while the local government focuses on dispensaries. In addition, private providers of health care significantly contribute to health care delivery. Even though the spending on health in Nigeria has risen from Naira’s 12.48 million in 1970 to 120.98 million in 2010, health care structure remains ineffecti ve and plays a key role in the poverty status of the country. Over the last two decades, Nigerias public health care system has deteriorated in large partly because of a lack of resources and a brain drain† syndrome of Nigerian doctors as well as skilled health workers to other countries. This as well has been accelerated by the industrial processes which have seen the vast usage of the land, in addition to increased farming practices to cater for the food demand. This, however, has along with natural disasters such as soil erosion brought along a hitch in provision of effective public health care (Orisakwe et al, 2004). Soil erosion            This is a natural process that involves dislodgement and removal of soil particles from one place to the other. There are different factors that contribute to susceptibility of soil to erosion as well as the rate at which it occurs. There are different types of soil erosion such as water and wind erosion. In other terms, Soil erosion entails breaking down, detaching, transporting, and redistributing of soil constituents. This can be through numerous forces such as water, wind, or gravity. Globally soil erosion has been a thing of concern and interest, especially its impact on cropland. This is because of its impacts on crop productivity and soil quality as well as its off-site effects on water quality and quantity, air quality, and biological activity. Cropland includes cultivated and non-cultivated cropland.            Soil Erosion in NigeriaNigeria is one of the African countries with high population, which is around over 170 million people with more than 400 ethnic groups. More than 80 % of Nigeria’s population rely entirely on farming for their upkeep and economic gains. Since the early 20th century, soil erosion in Nigeria has been earmarked as a key problem in the country, not only a threat to the agricultural sector, but as well as a threat to the public health through the process of environmental degradation. One of the major negative points to note is that, the current rate of soil erosion is higher than the rate of production. This has in turn threatened the current practices in agriculture. The high rate of soil erosion suggests that, agricultural practices are unsustainable under prevailing geological conditions. The process of accepting and managing these processes has significant long term repercussion for cropland sustainability, natural resource state and he alth, not forgetting the environmental quality (Berkhout et al, 2011).            Soil erosion is a major problem which is confronting health and land resources in Nigeria. Previous researches in the country have indicated that, more than 70% of the country’s surface has been affected by different types of soil erosion and of different intensities. Despite the process being a natural process, human activities such as overgrazing and clearing of vegetation accelerates it. Degradation of land is the loss of topsoil and in turn reducing its productivity. Moreover, it leads to sedimentation of water bodies which increases suspended sediment concentration in streams, with consequent effects on ecosystem health (Iwegbue et al, 2012).            Fig. 1.0 Gully Erosion Site at Urualla Imo State, Nigeria (Agbenin, 2002)            Impact of soil erosion on public health in NigeriaOne of the major concerns about soil erosion in SA is the pollution effects caused by the soil erosion. Soil erosion has greatly led to the loss of vegetation, leaving the land bare. This leads to accumulation of dust in the air. This in turn impacts air quality in the country and mostly the greatly affected regions such as Camperdown and Greytown districts. Soil erosion has been one of the catalysts of the deforestation process in Nigeria. Deforestation is the loss of trees which are essential in the support of human activity as well as protecting the environment. Deforestation makes people’s life harder as it destroys the habitats of numerous creatures and contributes to desertification. Poor air quality poses a public health to the Nigerian community as it leads to asthmatic problems as well as other airborne diseases. In summary, soil erosion leads to an increase the amount of dust carried by wind. Does t his not only at as an air pollutant and an abrasive, but also carries along about more than 20 human infectious disease organisms such as tuberculosis and anthrax (Agbenin, 2002).            Soil erosion leads to numerous soil contamination which also impacts on human health. Over the time, there has been a significant pollutant in the air as well as water, which contributes to poor health among the citizens. Through the process of soil erosion, the pollutants in the air and on the earth’s surface are washed into the water bodies through soil erosion. Industrialization on the other hand, has resulted in soil pollution with heavy metals which have posed a health problem to the Nigerian communities. Some of the harmful elements washed into water bodies include mercury, lead, arsenic, fluoride, Asbestos, cadmium, benzene and hazardous pesticides which all of them are chemicals of public concern. These ‘heavy metals’ are frequently washed into water bodies and in turn contaminating the fresh water consumed by people in Nigeria. Metals such as arsenic are termed as carcinogenic as well as causing bone marrow and blood diseases when taken for a long period of time. Asbestos on the other hand causes lung carcinoma, liver and kidney damage. Many of these elements have negatively impacted the provision of effective public health services (Salami et al, 2003).            Mining has been one of the economic activities in Nigeria, however, this has not been for the benefit of the farming and environment protections as it had been a health risk to the community. When water erosion (which is the prominent agent of erosion in Nigeria) sweeps across the mining fields much of the minerals are swept into the water bodies. Some of the elements are toxic and a risk to human health. In addition, the gases released from the mining areas are carried as dust through wind erosion and in turn posing a health problem to the Nigerians especially the community living near the mining areas. For example, sulphur dioxide causes damage of the respiratory system. In addition, the sulphur compounds also affect visibility, reduction of sunlight, unpleasant smells, irritation and smarting in the eyes, nose and throat which is a health concern to the community around the mining areas (Salami et al, 2003).            Acidity in the soil and water bodies has been a public health to the Nigerian community. Soil erosion leads to the accumulation of solid waste in water bodies. This has become a serious environmental problem facing Nigeria. The consequence of these solid wastes is pollution of water, land and air not forgetting to mention is hazardous to women’s health as well as their social well being. With the increased urbanization in the country as well as high population, the amount of solid waste being generated has greatly increased. At the moment, virtually all the major cities in Nigeria are faced with the menace of solid waste management. The wastes are in one way or another swept into rivers and other water bodies. Due to their daily involvement with farming and house chores, women are exposed to numerous communicable diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, cholera, yaw; malaria, yellow fever, and relapsing fever that affect women are associated with improper dispos al of wastes (Oladapo et al, 2009).            Soil erosion has drastically reduced land productivity, especially the southern parts of Nigeria. In addition, soil erosion has also led to essential nutrient depletion as a form of land degradation. This has brought along severe economic impact in Nigeria. Reduced land production has severely affected food production in the country. The result of this is a shortage of food in the communities. Reduced food production in the community has increased the impact of drought to the residents. With reduced food production, the community cannot be able to sustain their people and in turn when the dry season comes along, the communities are largely hit by drought. Over the last 30 years, soil erosion in Nigeria has rendered more that 32% of arable land unproductive, this has in turn led to severe food shortage as well as food related diseases such as kwashiorkor among the children in Nigerian farming communities (Sotona Adesodun, 2014).            Soil erosion on the other hand has contributed to flooding occurs throughout Nigeria in three main forms which are urban, river and coastal flooding. For example, urban flooding such as the Ogunpa disaster which claimed over 200 lives and damaged property worth millions of Naira in Ibadan, are common occurrences. Flooding and accumulation of waste product has as well posed a public health concern to the Nigerians, especially the communities living along rivers and coastal lines. About 60 % of the soil that is swept away by the erosion process ends up in rivers, lakes and streams. This makes waterways more prone to flooding as well as contamination from soil, pesticides and fertilizers which are harmful to human health not only in Nigeria but also globally. Soil erosion is believed to have severe and adverse effect on the developing countries economic stability. Nigeria is termed as a developing country and it has suffered economically as a result of soil erosion. L arge sums of funds have been deployed in the fight against the menace and it’s especially the impact to the country’s health care system (Ehigiator Anyata, 2011).            The stubborn persistence of soil erosion in Nigeria as well as its threat to public health has raised numerous ethical questions recent times. Freeing humanity from health menace caused by soil erosion is a moral obligation that weighs on the Nigerian government more heavily as the capabilities and technology advance continues to be experienced. The world and Nigeria in particular, undoubtedly has the productive capacity to produce adequate quality health care and facilities not to mention their ability to control or prevent soil erosion and in turn eradicate health risks to the people. In recent years, rapid technology advances have led to better environmental management, however soil erosion management or prevention in Nigeria has not been fully achieved and in turn hindering good public health (Edosomwan, 2013).            The value of enhancing the well being of the Nigerians, today almost all the nations recognizes the need to enhance the well being of its people. While charity necessary might be necessary to respond to pressing issues in the community, it can not, however, provide for long-term solutions such as the case of soil erosion menace. Long term reversal of such cases can only be achieved through providing the Nigerians with skills, capital, employment, education and opportunities. In addition, for sustainable agriculture and rural development to flourish, as well as a valuable rural infrastructure must be in place as well as policy that will promote effective farming methods as well as soil erosion prevention measures (Adedipe, 1992). Measures to reduce negative effects of soil erosion in Nigeria            The Nigerian government together with World Health Organization has embarked on education, strategy for the farmers on how to improve their farming practices as well as how to prevent soil erosion in their farms. Effective farming practices within the communities are estimated to reduce the extent of soil erosion by 40 %. This would in turn reduce the amount of harmful elements being swept through soil erosion into water bodies. Moreover, farmers are encouraged to plant trees to reduce the desertification process as well as arrest the deforestation process. For example, the World Bank has financed the rehabilitation of land in Enugu, a region with massive gullies caused by erosion in order to prevent loss of life and property (Adeniyi, 1986).            The government has also embarked on landscaping and building of dykes in order to reduce the problem of flooding. The issue of uncontrolled floods from regions such as Osina and Akokwa has raised the concern of flood control. Residents of the Urualla community, for example, had themselves committed towards finding a lasting solution to the problem especially their financial contribution to the cost of the engineering design for the site and urged them to sustain the momentum. Through the arrest of soil erosion, the government has managed to somewhat control the menace of soil erosion and especially its negative effect to the health sector. The fight against the malaria epidemic in African countries has been a success which is one of diseases caused by flooding as a result of soil erosion. Lastly, the government and NGOs have embarked on educating the community members on healthy living such as ways to avoid water borne diseases. As well as providing adequate medica l attention when needed (Ananda Herath, 2003). Conclusions            Nigeria is subject to soil erosion, due to deprived farming practices, together with erodible soils. When considered across all land-use types, it is clear that soil degradation is perceived as more of a problem in Agulu-Nanka (Plate 1), Obioma, Nsuka, and less of a problem in Borno, Kaduna, Kano and Sokoto. This has in turn turned to be a massive public health menace to the community not only in Nigeria but globally as well. It is clear that the process of soil erosion has brought along complicated health problems. The measure has been implemented to reduce the menace of soil erosion and in turn minimize the negative impact on public health.            Despite the dedicated collaborative efforts of both the concerned parties such as the Nigerian government, NGOs, donor agencies provide an effective and efficient health care delivery in the county, confronting problems renders these efforts much less than desired. Some of the problems include poor farming practices, poor waste disposal, deforestation, which is believed to be a catalyst to soil erosion, re-emergence of HIV/AIDS pandemic, poor quality care as well as irrational appointments of health workers has not done the sector any good. Lack of information on prevention of soil erosion as well as the weight of these problems, is further compounded by insufficient budget allocation, lack of strategic plan and prepare for epidemics/pandemics. References Adedipe, N.O. (1992) â€Å"The African Environment: A changing and Scary Scenario† Adeniyi E.O. (1986) â€Å"Environmental Management and Development in Nigeria† A paper presented at the proceedings of a National Conference on Development and the Environment, Rosprint Industrial Press Ltd. African Development Foundation (U.S.). (1994).  Participatory development: ADF, funded projects, 1993. Washington, DC (1400 Eye St., NW, Washington 20005: The Foundation. Agbenin, J. (2002). The impact of long-term cultivation and management history on the status and dynamics of cobalt in a savanna Alfisol in Nigeria.  European Journal Of Soil Science,  53(2), 169-174. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00433.x Ananda, J., Herath, G. (2003). Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal.  Journal Of Environmental Management,  68(4), 343. doi:10.1016/S0301- Berkhout, E. D., Schipper, R. A., Van Keulen, H. H., Coulibaly, O. O. (2011). Heterogeneity in farmers’ production decisions and its impact on soil nutrient use: Results and implications from northern Nigeria.  Agricultural Systems,  104(1), 63-74. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2010.09.006 Beinart, W. (2008).  The rise of conservation in Nigeria: Settlers, livestock, and the environment, 1770-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cornell University. (2006, March 23). Soil Erosion Threatens Environment and Human Health, Study Reports. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 26, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/03/060322141021.htmEdosomwan, N. L., Obazuaye, E. E., Edosomwan, E. U. (2013). Impacts Of Dam On Characteristics Of Tropical Rainforest Soils And Sediments In South Central Nigeria.  Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research,  47(1), 73-77.4797(03)00082-3 Ehigiator, O. A., Anyata, B. U. (2011). Effects of land clearing techniques and tillage systems on runoff and soil erosion in a tropical rain forest in Nigeria.  Journal Of Environmental Management,  92(11), 2875-2880. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.015 Iwegbue, C. A., Nwajei, G. E., Eguavoen, O. I. (2012). Impact of Land-Use Patterns on Chemical Properties of Trace Elements in Soils of Rural, Semi-Urban, and Urban Zones of the Niger Delta, Nigeria.  Soil Sediment Contamination,  21(1), 19-30. doi:10.1080/15320383.2012.636772 Oladapo, O. T., Adetoro, O. O., Fakeye, O., Ekele, B. A., Fawole, A. O., Abasiattai, A., Dada, O. A. (2009). National data system on near miss and maternal death: shifting from maternal risk to public health impact in Nigeria.  Reproductive Health,  68-18. Orisakwe, O., Asomugha, R., Afonne, O., Anisi, C. N., Obi, E., Dioka, C. (2004). Impact of Effluents from a Car Battery Manufacturing Plant in Nigeria on Water, Soil, and Food Qualities.  Archives Of Environmental Health,  59(1), 31-36. Pretty, J. N. (1995).  Regenerating agriculture: Policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance. Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press. Salami, A., Jimoh, M. A., Muoghalu, J. I. (2003). Impact Of Gold, Mining On Vegetation And Soil In Southwestern Nigeria.  International Journal Of Environmental Studies,  60(4), 343-352. Showers, K. B. (2005).  Imperial gullies: Soil erosion and conservation in Lesotho. Athens (Ohio: Ohio University Press.Smil, V. (2001).  Feeding the world: A challenge for the twenty-first century. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Pres Sotona, T., Salako, F., Adesodun, J. (2014). Soil physical properties of selected soil series in relation to compaction and erosion on farmers’ fields at Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria.  Archives Of Agronomy Soil Science,  60(6), 841-857. doi:10.1080/03650340.2013.844334 Vanlauwe, B. B., Diels, J. J., Sanginga, N. N., Merckx, R. R. (2005). Long-term integrated soil fertility management in South-western Nigeria: Crop performance and impact on the soil fertility status.  Plant Soil,  273(1/2), 337-354. doi:10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2 Source document